Powder compositions are described having, as constituents: an aluminum donor powder, an aluminum-containing activator powder comprising at least 50 wt. % KAlF.sub.4, and an inert filler powder. Related methods and coatings are also described.

Powder compositions are described having, as constituents: an aluminum donor powder, an aluminum-containing activator powder comprising at least 50 wt. % KAlF.sub.4, and an inert filler powder. Related methods and coatings are also described.

A surface-treated steel sheet, including: a steel sheet; and a nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer formed as an outermost surface layer on the steel sheet. When a content of Ni, a content of Co and a content of Fe of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer are determined based on a Ni intensity, a Co intensity and a Fe intensity each sequentially measured in the depth direction from the surface side of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer by a radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, a content of Co at a specific depth position D, In.sub.Co_D, is 5% by mass or higher and a content of Fe at the specific depth position D, In.sub.Fe_D, is 11% by mass or higher, the specific depth position D being a position where the Ni intensity is 0.5% of the maximum value of the Ni intensity. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the surface-treated steel sheet.

The present invention discloses a rare earth permanent magnet material and a preparation method thereof The method comprises: a sintering treatment step: laying a composite powder for diffusion on the surface of a neodymium iron boron magnetic powder layer and carrying out spark plasma sintering treatment to obtain a neodymium iron boron magnet with a diffusion layer solidified on the surface thereof, wherein the compositional proportional formula of the composite powder for diffusion is H.sub.100-x-yM.sub.xQ.sub.y, where H is one or more of a metal powder, a fluoride powder, or an oxide powder of Dy, Tb, Ho, and Gd, M is a Nd, Pr, or NdPr metal powder, and Q is one or more of Cu, Al, Zn, and Sn metal powders, x and y are respectively the atomic percentages of component M and component Q in the composite powder for diffusion, x is 0-20, and y is 0-40; and diffusion heat treatment and tempering steps. The method of the present invention has high efficiency, good diffusion effects, and reduced quantities of heavy rare earth elements.

An elongated hollow component includes a body extending from a first end to a second end and defining a longitudinal axis. The body includes a plurality of layers each circumscribing the longitudinal axis. The plurality of layers includes a base layer including a first steel material, and an inner surface coating coupled to a radially inner surface of the base layer. The inner surface coating includes a second steel material.

An elongated hollow component includes a body extending from a first end to a second end and defining a longitudinal axis. The body includes a plurality of layers each circumscribing the longitudinal axis. The plurality of layers includes a base layer including a first steel material, and an inner surface coating coupled to a radially inner surface of the base layer. The inner surface coating includes a second steel material.

A system and method for treating a cavity comprises arranging a niobium structure in a coating chamber, the coating chamber being arranged inside a furnace, coating the niobium structure with tin thereby forming an Nb.sub.3Sn layer on the niobium structure, and doping the Nb.sub.3Sn layer with nitrogen, thereby forming a nitrogen doped Nb.sub.3Sn layer on the niobium structure.

A method of applying a protective coating to an article comprises the steps of a) depositing aluminum in a surface region of an article, and b) depositing chromium is the surface region of the article subsequent to step a), whereby at least a portion of the chromium replaces at least a portion of the aluminum. Another method and an article are also disclosed.

A method of applying a protective coating to an article comprises the steps of a) depositing aluminum in a surface region of an article, and b) depositing chromium is the surface region of the article subsequent to step a), whereby at least a portion of the chromium replaces at least a portion of the aluminum. Another method and an article are also disclosed.

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a method of repairing a non-line of sight feature on a surface, the method comprising machining a worn irregular non-line of sight surface to provide a substantially planar repair surface, depositing a nickel plate base layer having a base layer thickness on the substantially planar repair surface, and depositing a protective layer having a protective layer thickness on the nickel plate base layer.