Disclosed is a hot-pressed member that can exhibit very high tensile strength after hot pressing as high as TS: 1780 MPa or more, excellent resistance to resistance welding cracking, and excellent delayed fracture resistance after resistance welding by having a specific chemical composition, and a microstructure such that a prior austenite average grain size is 7 m or less, a volume fraction of martensite is 90% or more, and at least 5 Nb-based precipitates having a grain size of less than 0.08 m are present on average per 100 m.sup.2 of a cross section parallel to a thickness direction of the member within a range of 100 m in the thickness direction from a surface of the member, and such that a Ni diffusion region having a thickness of 0.5 m or more is present in a surface layer of the member.

Methods for controlled microstructure creation utilize seeding of amorphous layers prior to annealing. Seed crystals are formed on an amorphous layer or layers. The material, size, and spacing of the seed crystals may be varied, and multiple seed layers and/or amorphous layers may be utilized. Thereafter, the resulting assembly is annealed to generate a crystalline microstructure. Via use of these methods, devices having desirable microstructural properties are enabled.

Methods for controlled microstructure creation utilize seeding of amorphous layers prior to annealing. Seed crystals are formed on an amorphous layer or layers. The material, size, and spacing of the seed crystals may be varied, and multiple seed layers and/or amorphous layers may be utilized. Thereafter, the resulting assembly is annealed to generate a crystalline microstructure. Via use of these methods, devices having desirable microstructural properties are enabled.

A manufacturing process is provided. During this process, material is solidified together within a chamber to form an object using an additive manufacturing device. At least a portion of the solidified material is conditioned within the chamber using a material conditioning device.

A surface-treated steel sheet, including: a steel sheet; and a nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer formed as an outermost surface layer on the steel sheet. When a content of Ni, a content of Co and a content of Fe of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer are determined based on a Ni intensity, a Co intensity and a Fe intensity each sequentially measured in the depth direction from the surface side of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer by a radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, a content of Co at a specific depth position D, In.sub.Co_D, is 5% by mass or higher and a content of Fe at the specific depth position D, In.sub.Fe_D, is 11% by mass or higher, the specific depth position D being a position where the Ni intensity is 0.5% of the maximum value of the Ni intensity. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the surface-treated steel sheet.

An elongated hollow component includes a body extending from a first end to a second end and defining a longitudinal axis. The body includes a plurality of layers each circumscribing the longitudinal axis. The plurality of layers includes a base layer including a first steel material, and an inner surface coating coupled to a radially inner surface of the base layer. The inner surface coating includes a second steel material.

An elongated hollow component includes a body extending from a first end to a second end and defining a longitudinal axis. The body includes a plurality of layers each circumscribing the longitudinal axis. The plurality of layers includes a base layer including a first steel material, and an inner surface coating coupled to a radially inner surface of the base layer. The inner surface coating includes a second steel material.

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel tungsten tantalum oxide (NiWTaO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel tungsten tantalum oxide (NiWTaO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition. In certain embodiments, the device includes a counter electrode having an anodically coloring electrochromic material in combination with an additive.