Methods for making films including a water-soluble polymeric material and a vapor-deposited inorganic coating are disclosed. The method comprises providing a layer of water-soluble polymeric material and vapor depositing an inorganic coating to at least one surface of the layer of water-soluble polymeric material, wherein the inorganic coating comprises a metal oxide. The method further comprises forming a plurality of microfractures extending along the surface of the inorganic coating.

The present invention provides a method of forming a self-rolled metallic nanosheet. The method includes providing a bendable polymeric substrate and forming a hydrogel-based separation layer on the bendable polymeric substrate. A thin-film metallic nanosheet is deposited on the hydrogel-based separation layer, the thin-film metallic nanosheet having a thickness of approximately 150 nm or less to form a nanosheet-hydrogel-polymer composite. Channel cracks are induced in the nanosheet-hydrogel-polymer composite. The hydrogel layer is swelled to delaminate the metallic nanosheet employing the induced channel cracks to form one or more nano-morphology structures selected from scroll morphology, ribbon morphology, spiral morphology, or helix morphology.

Provided is a carrier-attached metal foil which can suppress the number of foreign matter particles on the surface of a metal layer to enhance circuit formability, and can keep stable releasability even after heating at a high temperature of 240° C. or higher (for example, 260° C.) for a long period of time. The carrier-attached metal foil includes a carrier, a release functional layer provided on the carrier, the release functional layer including a metal oxynitride, and a metal layer provided on the release functional layer.

Forming a porous multilayer material includes forming a multilayer material on a substrate. Forming the multilayer material includes alternately forming a sacrificial layer and a semi-sacrificial layer, where the sacrificial layer includes a first metal and the semi-sacrificial layer includes the first metal and a second metal or metallic alloy. Forming the porous multilayer material further includes removing at least a portion of the first metal from each of the sacrificial and semi-sacrificial layers to yield the porous multilayer material. The porous multilayer material includes a multiplicity of metal-containing layers, each layer having a thickness in a range between about 5 nm and about 100 nm and bonded to an adjacent layer. Each layer includes chromium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, or a combination thereof. A void is defined between each pair of layers, and a density of porous the multilayer material is <1% bulk density.

The invention relates to a method for producing at least one solid layer and comprises at least the steps of: providing a carrier substrate (4) having a sacrificial layer (8) arranged thereon or arranging a sacrificial layer (8) on the provided carrier substrate (4), producing a useful layer (6) by way of chemical or physical gas phase deposition on the sacrificial layer (8) to form a multi-layer arrangement (2), removing the useful layer (6) as a result of a material weakening produced between the useful layer (6) and the carrier substrate (4), said material weakening being brought about by modifications (12) to the sacrificial layer (8) which were produced means of laser beams (10).

Provided is a method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition that exhibits excellent detachability between the substrate and the photocatalyst layer and exhibits high photocurrent density. The method for producing a photocatalyst electrode for water decomposition of the invention includes: a metal layer forming step of forming a metal layer on one surface of a first substrate by a vapor phase film-forming method or a liquid phase film-forming method; a photocatalyst layer forming step of forming a photocatalyst layer by subjecting the metal layer to at least one treatment selected from an oxidation treatment, a nitriding treatment, a sulfurization treatment, or a selenization treatment; a current collecting layer forming step of forming a current collecting layer on a surface of the photocatalyst layer, the surface being on the opposite side of the first substrate; and a detachment step of detaching the first substrate from the photocatalyst layer.

The present invention relates to a method for forming an amorphous layer on one surface of a second substrate through a simple method of performing laser irradiation on a multilayered metal layer provided on a first substrate.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a flaky iron oxide. The flaky iron oxide is obtained through a vacuum coating machine. The vacuum coating machine includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline arrangement, a vacuum coating chamber, a flaky iron oxide supporting chamber and an electrical discharging gas inlet. High-energy particles generated by an iron oxide target are deposited on the surface of the conveying belt; and then the flaky iron oxide on a conveying belt is stripped and calcined to obtain the flaky iron oxide with bright color. By means of the method, vacuum sputtering time can be controlled to prepare the flaky iron oxide with various diameter-to-thickness ratios, and pollution caused by a traditional chemical deposition preparation method can be avoided. The preparation method is simple and environment-friendly. Due to the adoption of roller transmission, the production efficiency is improved.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

A reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention includes a porous support substrate (2) and a separation active layer (3) formed on a surface of the porous support substrate (2) and formed of a carbon film containing organized carbon.