A calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-reactive thermal barrier coating includes a ceramic coating and a CMAS-reactive overlay coating, wherein the CMAS-reactive overlay coating conforms to a surface of the ceramic coating and comprises a compound that forms a stable high melting point crystalline precipitate when reacted with molten CMAS at a rate that is competitive with CMAS infiltration kinetics into the thermal barrier coating. The ceramic coating phase is stable with the CMAS-reactive overlay coating.

A component of a turbine, in particular a gas turbine, wherein the component has a coating for increasing the erosion and corrosion resistance, wherein the coating is preferably applied directly to the component, wherein the coating consists of a functional layer and an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer is arranged between the turbine blade substrate and the functional layer and wherein the functional layer consists of the elements Al, Cr, O and N.

In one aspect, articles are described herein comprising composite claddings which, in some embodiments, demonstrate desirable properties including thermal conductivity, transverse rupture strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance and/or erosion resistance. Briefly, an article described herein comprises a metallic substrate, and a cladding adhered to the metallic substrate, the cladding comprising at least 10 weight percent of sintered cemented carbide pellets dispersed in matrix metal or matrix alloy, the sintered cemented carbide pellets having a spherical shape, spheroidal shape, or a mixture of spherical and spheroidal shapes.

A steel sheet for containers including a steel sheet, a Sn coated layer that is formed on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and a chemical treatment layer that is formed on the Sn coated layer. A variation amount in a yellowness index measured at one measurement point on the outermost surface of the chemical treatment layer is defined as YI, and represented by YI=YIYI.sub.0, wherein YI is the yellowness index measured after the steel sheet for containers is subjected to a retort treatment at a temperature of 130 C. for 5 hours, and YI.sub.0 is the yellowness index measured before the retort treatment. An average of absolute values of the YI obtained at a plurality of measurement points included in a unit area of the outermost surface is 5.0 or less.

Methods of forming memory structures are discussed. Specifically, methods of forming 3D NAND devices are discussed. Some embodiments form memory structures with a metal nitride barrier layer, an -tungsten layer, and a bulk metal material. The barrier layer comprises a TiXN or TaXN material, where X comprises a metal selected from one or more of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Yt), strontium (Sr), or magnesium (Mg).

In a hard mask formed on a target film formed on a substrate, a first film having a stress in a first direction and a second film having a stress in a second direction opposite to the first direction are alternately stacked one or more times.

The present disclosure provides a metal surface protective layer and a preparation method thereof. The metal surface protective layer includes a base powder layer, a medium powder layer, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) metal coating and a transparent powder layer from inside to outside. The PVD metal coating is obtained by a magnetron vacuum sputtering method. The PVD metal coating at least includes a mixed coating adopting two targets: a NiCr alloy and pure chromium.

Gas is introduced into molten metal during an additive metal fabrication process and/or during a metal fusion process. The gas may comprise a process gas that flows through a tubular feed wire. The amount of process gas introduced can be controlled to vary the composition and/or material properties of metal deposits formed from a molten metal. Material properties such as yield strength, hardness, and fracture toughness can be increased or decreased in specific regions to provide material property gradients that closely correspond to expected requirements of components fabricated utilizing additive and/or fusion processes.

A plated steel sheet for hot stamping including a base metal and a galvanized layer that is formed on a surface of the base metal, wherein the galvanized layer includes a galvannealed layer, a solidified zinc layer, and an oxide layer containing Al, in this order from the base metal, and a proportion of a content of Zn (g/m.sup.2) in the solidified zinc layer to a content of Zn (g/m.sup.2) in the galvanized layer is 10 to 95%.

A superalloy target wherein the superalloy target has a polycrystalline structure of random grain orientation, the average grain size in the structure is smaller than 20 m, and the porosity in the structure is smaller than 10%. Furthermore, the invention includes a method of producing a superalloy target by powder metallurgical production, wherein the powder-metallurgical production starts from alloyed powder(s) of a superalloy and includes the step of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the alloyed powder(s).