A method for continuously cleaning a moving strip in a cleaning installation including a tank containing an aqueous solution, at least a roll immerged in the aqueous solution for guiding the strip into the tank, at least an ultrasound emitter a feed for feeding an aqueous solution inside the tank, a tank emptier for emptying the tank, an aqueous solution estimator for estimating the aqueous solution level in the tank, a distance calculator for calculating, for each ultrasound emitter, its distance to the aqueous solution level and a power controller for controlling the power of the at least one ultrasound emitter including the following steps, performed continuously: estimating the aqueous solution level in the tank, calculating for each ultrasound emitter its distance to the aqueous solution level, comparing for each ultrasound emitter its distance to the aqueous solution level to a determined threshold.

A method for continuously cleaning a moving strip in a cleaning installation including a tank containing an aqueous solution, at least a roll immerged in the aqueous solution for guiding the strip into the tank, at least an ultrasound emitter a feed for feeding an aqueous solution inside the tank, a tank emptier for emptying the tank, an aqueous solution estimator for estimating the aqueous solution level in the tank, a distance calculator for calculating, for each ultrasound emitter, its distance to the aqueous solution level and a power controller for controlling the power of the at least one ultrasound emitter including the following steps, performed continuously: estimating the aqueous solution level in the tank, calculating for each ultrasound emitter its distance to the aqueous solution level, comparing for each ultrasound emitter its distance to the aqueous solution level to a determined threshold.

The present invention is directed towards an aqueous alkaline cleaner composition comprising: an iron cation, a molybdenum cation, a cobalt cation, or combinations thereof; and an alkaline component; wherein the pH of the aqueous alkaline composition is at least 10, and the aqueous alkaline composition includes no more than 50 ppm of phosphate. Also disclosed are treatment systems comprising an aqueous alkaline composition for treating at least a portion of a substrate, and a pretreatment composition for treating at least a portion of a substrate. Also disclosed are substrates treated according to the disclosed treatment systems.

A method of removing at least a portion of an oxide layer from the surface of a metal substrate comprising exposing the metal substrate to a body of treatment liquor comprising a treatment formulation and a multiplicity of solid particles which comprise or consists of a multiplicity of polymeric particles and wherein said treatment formulation comprises one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of acids, bases and surfactants wherein the method further comprises causing the solid particles and the metal substrate to enter into contacting relative movement.

A method of removing at least a portion of an oxide layer from the surface of a metal substrate comprising exposing the metal substrate to a body of treatment liquor comprising a treatment formulation and a multiplicity of solid particles which comprise or consists of a multiplicity of polymeric particles and wherein said treatment formulation comprises one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of acids, bases and surfactants wherein the method further comprises causing the solid particles and the metal substrate to enter into contacting relative movement.

A method of anodic treatment for a metal workpiece combined with a non-metallic material includes steps as follows. A pretreatment process is applied to the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is anodic oxidized, and washed with water. Then, the metal workpiece is put in a vacuum environment to evaporate a residual chemical agent between a metal part and a plastic part of the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is washed with water. An activating treatment is applied to the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is dyed, and is sealed.

A method of anodic treatment for a metal workpiece combined with a non-metallic material includes steps as follows. A pretreatment process is applied to the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is anodic oxidized, and washed with water. Then, the metal workpiece is put in a vacuum environment to evaporate a residual chemical agent between a metal part and a plastic part of the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is washed with water. An activating treatment is applied to the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece is dyed, and is sealed.

The present invention relates to a method for the wet-chemical cleaning and conditioning of hot-dip galvanized (ZM) steel by contacting it with an alkaline aqueous composition containing magnesium ions dissolved in water, and at least one complexing agent. Also provided is a method for pre-treating strip steel by hot-dip galvanization (ZM) on one or both sides in order to protect the steel against corrosion, in which a cleaning according to the invention is followed by a wet-chemical conversion coating and a subsequent building of a varnish layer. The present invention also relates to an alkaline aqueous composition containing both magnesium ions and iron ions, which is particularly suitable for the cleaning and subsequent surface treatment for protection against corrosion, as well as to a system of complexing agents.

The present invention relates to a method for the wet-chemical cleaning and conditioning of hot-dip galvanized (ZM) steel by contacting it with an alkaline aqueous composition containing magnesium ions dissolved in water, and at least one complexing agent. Also provided is a method for pre-treating strip steel by hot-dip galvanization (ZM) on one or both sides in order to protect the steel against corrosion, in which a cleaning according to the invention is followed by a wet-chemical conversion coating and a subsequent building of a varnish layer. The present invention also relates to an alkaline aqueous composition containing both magnesium ions and iron ions, which is particularly suitable for the cleaning and subsequent surface treatment for protection against corrosion, as well as to a system of complexing agents.

An object of the invention is to provide a cleaning liquid for semiconductor substrates having undergone a chemical mechanical polishing process, the cleaning liquid being excellent in corrosion prevention properties and defect suppression performance with respect to a metal film. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of cleaning semiconductor substrates having undergone a chemical mechanical polishing process. A cleaning liquid of the invention is used for semiconductor substrates having undergone a chemical mechanical polishing process and includes: an amine oxide compound that is a compound having an amine oxide group, or its salt; and at least one hydroxylamine compound selected from the group consisting of a hydroxylamine, a hydroxylamine derivative, and their salts, and the amine oxide compound content is 0.00001 to 0.15 mass % based on the total mass of the cleaning liquid.