This application relates to new process that utilizes electrodes that incorporate acids that facilitate upgrading of methane and other low molecular weight alkanes to higher order hydrocarbon molecules, such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics, at temperatures less than 250° C. A primary focus of the invention includes methane conversion to ethylene. The first step of the process includes acid containing electrodes that facilitate the activation of the alkane in the anode layer of the electrochemical reactor. Subsequent steps include the separation of protons from produced longer chain hydrocarbons followed by subsequent electrochemical reduction of the protons to yield hydrogen at the cathode or protons combined with oxygen at the cathode to yield water. The reaction steps in the anode upgrade methane to higher order hydrocarbon products.

This application relates to new process that utilizes electrodes that incorporate acids that facilitate upgrading of methane and other low molecular weight alkanes to higher order hydrocarbon molecules, such as paraffins, olefins, and aromatics, at temperatures less than 250° C. A primary focus of the invention includes methane conversion to ethylene. The first step of the process includes acid containing electrodes that facilitate the activation of the alkane in the anode layer of the electrochemical reactor. Subsequent steps include the separation of protons from produced longer chain hydrocarbons followed by subsequent electrochemical reduction of the protons to yield hydrogen at the cathode or protons combined with oxygen at the cathode to yield water. The reaction steps in the anode upgrade methane to higher order hydrocarbon products.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating hydrogen (H.sub.2) from an aldehyde, where the system comprises an anode comprising a metal-based alloy catalyst, a cathode comprising Ni.sub.2P or Pt/C, and a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode. Also disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). This method involves providing a system described herein and adding an aldehyde to the system under conditions effective to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) from electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the aldehyde at the anode and water reduction at the cathode.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating hydrogen (H.sub.2) from an aldehyde, where the system comprises an anode comprising a metal-based alloy catalyst, a cathode comprising Ni.sub.2P or Pt/C, and a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode. Also disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). This method involves providing a system described herein and adding an aldehyde to the system under conditions effective to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) from electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the aldehyde at the anode and water reduction at the cathode.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a process for making a carbanogel buckypaper product. Such carbanogel buckypaper product may be imparted with enhanced properties as compared to other buckypaper products. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the carbanogel can be generated by an electrolysis process that can transform a carbon-containing gas into a carbon nanomaterial.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a process for making a carbanogel buckypaper product. Such carbanogel buckypaper product may be imparted with enhanced properties as compared to other buckypaper products. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the carbanogel can be generated by an electrolysis process that can transform a carbon-containing gas into a carbon nanomaterial.

Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices in which acid produced by a reactor, such as an electrochemical reactor or other type acid producing reactor, is used to produce carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from a carbonate and the produced CO.sub.2 is used, or made available for use, for one or more purposes. In some embodiments, the electrochemical reactor may be powered by a renewable energy source.

Systems and techniques are described herein. For instance, a method for producing hydrogen is described. The method includes determining an amount of reactive power for an electrolyzer of a hydrogen-production installation connected to a power grid to generate, or to consume; and controlling operations of the electrolyzer such that electrolyzer generates, or consumes, substantially the determined amount of reactive power. Additionally, a system for producing hydrogen is described. The system includes a connection to a power grid configured to receive electrical power from the power grid; one or more electrolyzers configured to receive the electrical power and to produce hydrogen; and a controller configured to: determine an amount of reactive power for the one or more electrolyzers to generate, or to consume; and control respective operations of the one or more electrolyzers such that the one or more electrolyzers collectively generate, or consume, substantially the determined amount of reactive power.

Systems and techniques are described herein. For instance, a method for producing hydrogen is described. The method includes determining an amount of reactive power for an electrolyzer of a hydrogen-production installation connected to a power grid to generate, or to consume; and controlling operations of the electrolyzer such that electrolyzer generates, or consumes, substantially the determined amount of reactive power. Additionally, a system for producing hydrogen is described. The system includes a connection to a power grid configured to receive electrical power from the power grid; one or more electrolyzers configured to receive the electrical power and to produce hydrogen; and a controller configured to: determine an amount of reactive power for the one or more electrolyzers to generate, or to consume; and control respective operations of the one or more electrolyzers such that the one or more electrolyzers collectively generate, or consume, substantially the determined amount of reactive power.

This is a system for generating and supplying a hydrogen gas from water by water splitting using a carbon electrode containing ethylidyne without any external electric power, which system comprises A) a carbon electrode containing ethylidyne, B) an alkaline electrolyte water solution and C) a metal electrode selected from group consisting of a typical metal including zinc, aluminum and magnesium and a transition metal including copper, wherein the carbon electrode containing ethylidyne and the metal electrode are brought into contact with or opposed to each other in the alkaline electrolyte water solution, and the water is decomposed by the effect of ethylidyne to generate a hydrogen gas according to the following reaction.

CH.sub.3C+O.fwdarw.CH.sub.3CO.sup.++e−

2H.sup.++2e−.fwdarw.H.sub.2↑

as shown in FIG. 1A