An apparatus for producing an organic hydride includes: a cathode electrode that generates an organic hydride and hydroxide ions from a substance to be hydrogenated and water; an anode electrode that generates oxygen by oxidizing the hydroxide ions; and an electrolyte membrane that is composed of an anion exchange membrane and is arranged between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode so as to transfer the hydroxide ions from the cathode electrode side to the anode electrode side.

The invention is directed to a method of generating at least one long half-life free radical by an electrochemical cell, said apparatus having suitable electrode plates, which comprises the following steps: passing an aqueous solution containing unwanted contaminants through at least one pair of electrodes to which a DC electrical current is passed in such a fashion that at least one long half-life free radical is created which initiates an enduring, i.e. continuing, chain reaction which will consume, remove, or destroy any available contaminants, wherein the DC electrical current is controlled so as cause the potential difference across the electrochemical cell to be at a controlled rate to achieve a precise value within a specified time.

The invention is directed to a method of generating at least one long half-life free radical by an electrochemical cell, said apparatus having suitable electrode plates, which comprises the following steps: passing an aqueous solution containing unwanted contaminants through at least one pair of electrodes to which a DC electrical current is passed in such a fashion that at least one long half-life free radical is created which initiates an enduring, i.e. continuing, chain reaction which will consume, remove, or destroy any available contaminants, wherein the DC electrical current is controlled so as cause the potential difference across the electrochemical cell to be at a controlled rate to achieve a precise value within a specified time.

An electrochemical reactor system adapted for producing a chemical product from a reactant includes (a) separate electrochemical and production cells and (b) a charge carrier compound in a catholyte adapted to effectively decouple the charging of the charge carrier compound in the electrochemical cell with the electrochemical conversion of a reactant to a desired chemical product in the production cell.

An electrochemical reactor system adapted for producing a chemical product from a reactant includes (a) separate electrochemical and production cells and (b) a charge carrier compound in a catholyte adapted to effectively decouple the charging of the charge carrier compound in the electrochemical cell with the electrochemical conversion of a reactant to a desired chemical product in the production cell.

The disclosure concerns a proton-conducting catalytic membrane remarkable in that it comprises an anode, an electrolyte layer disposed on top of the anode and a porous cathode disposed on top of the electrolyte layer, wherein the anode comprises at least one dehydrogenation catalyst and is devoid of pores, and wherein the electrolyte layer comprises one or more perovskite materials with one or more cations selected from Ba, Ce, Zr, Y, La, Sr, Mn, Fe, Eu, Tb, Ni, Yb, Pr, Sm, Zn, Gd, Er, Co, Nd, or any mixtures thereof. The disclosure is also about a dehydrogenation reactor comprising such proton-conducting catalytic membrane as well as to method for making such proton-conducting catalytic membrane.

The disclosure concerns a proton-conducting catalytic membrane remarkable in that it comprises an anode, an electrolyte layer disposed on top of the anode and a porous cathode disposed on top of the electrolyte layer, wherein the anode comprises at least one dehydrogenation catalyst and is devoid of pores, and wherein the electrolyte layer comprises one or more perovskite materials with one or more cations selected from Ba, Ce, Zr, Y, La, Sr, Mn, Fe, Eu, Tb, Ni, Yb, Pr, Sm, Zn, Gd, Er, Co, Nd, or any mixtures thereof. The disclosure is also about a dehydrogenation reactor comprising such proton-conducting catalytic membrane as well as to method for making such proton-conducting catalytic membrane.