A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product comprises: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell, in which the anode comprises a noble metal and the cathode comprises copper and nickel; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing a nickel-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the nickel-containing additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free additive is added in an amount of between 0.05 wt % and 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product comprises: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell, in which the anode comprises a noble metal and the cathode comprises copper and nickel; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; introducing a nickel-containing additive into the electrolyte media before the step of heating or introducing the nickel-containing additive into the molten electrolyte media, in which the iron-free additive is added in an amount of between 0.05 wt % and 2 wt %, relative to the amount of the electrolyte media or the molten electrolyte media; applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode.

Systems and methods for extracting lithium metal ions from a lithium containing ore such as spodumene or lithium salts are provided. The lithium ore or salt is suspended in a hydroxide salt or eutectic and heated to produce a molten salt suspension that is used to electroplate lithiated transition metal oxides on an electrode. Lithium metal or lithium ions can be isolated from the deposited lithiated transition metal oxides. A second metal ore may be included in the suspension and processed with the lithium ore.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between a high-nickel content anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; applying an electric current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, in which the CNM product comprises a minimal relative-amount of at least 70 wt %, as compared to a total weight of the CNM product, of hollow nano-onion product, in which the high-nickel content anode is made of pure nickel or an alloy that comprises greater than 50 wt % nickel.

A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial (CNM) product includes: heating an electrolyte media to obtain a molten electrolyte media; positioning the molten electrolyte media between a high-nickel content anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell; introducing a source of carbon into the electrolytic cell; applying an electric current to the cathode and the anode in the electrolytic cell; and collecting the CNM product from the cathode, in which the CNM product comprises a minimal relative-amount of at least 70 wt %, as compared to a total weight of the CNM product, of hollow nano-onion product, in which the high-nickel content anode is made of pure nickel or an alloy that comprises greater than 50 wt % nickel.

Rechargeable electrochemical devices and methods for the same are disclosed. The electrochemical devices may include an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte may include a deep eutectic mixture and an electrolyte additive. The deep eutectic mixture may include an ion coordinated complex prepared from a combination of aluminum chloride (AlCl.sub.3) and an amide or a combination of AlCl.sub.3 and an organic salt.

Provided is a method for manufacturing graphite particles using carbon dioxide as a raw material and which enables the graphite particles to be used as an electrode material.

The method includes: (a) preparing an electrolytic bath which includes molten salt containing carbonate ions; (b) locating a cathode in a vicinity of a surface of the electrolytic bath outside the electrolytic bath; (c) locating an anode in the electrolytic bath; (d) reducing the carbonate ions by generating electric discharge between the cathode and the surface of the electrolytic bath and performing energization by applying a voltage for generating carbon particles between the anode and the cathode; (e) collecting the carbon particles together with the molten salt and removing cooled and solidified salt by water washing; and (f) graphitizing the carbon particles being obtained in (e) by heat treatment.

Provided is a method for manufacturing graphite particles using carbon dioxide as a raw material and which enables the graphite particles to be used as an electrode material.

The method includes: (a) preparing an electrolytic bath which includes molten salt containing carbonate ions; (b) locating a cathode in a vicinity of a surface of the electrolytic bath outside the electrolytic bath; (c) locating an anode in the electrolytic bath; (d) reducing the carbonate ions by generating electric discharge between the cathode and the surface of the electrolytic bath and performing energization by applying a voltage for generating carbon particles between the anode and the cathode; (e) collecting the carbon particles together with the molten salt and removing cooled and solidified salt by water washing; and (f) graphitizing the carbon particles being obtained in (e) by heat treatment.

To provide a transportation system that can transport renewable energy from a power generation facility to an energy consumption location. The system consists of a power generator that generates and stores electricity from a renewable energy, a hydrogen generator that generates hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity obtained from the power generator, a methane synthesizer that generates methane by the Sabatier reaction using the hydrogen and a recycled CO.sub.2 as raw materials, and a methane transportation system that transports the methane without emitting CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere, a methane transportation system that transports the methane without emitting CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere, a power generation and carbon capture unit that generates electricity by reacting the transported methane with oxygen and captures CO.sub.2 discharged during the power generation as recycled CO.sub.2, a CO.sub.2 transportation system that transports the recycled CO.sub.2 to the methane synthesis site without emitting CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere.

To provide a transportation system that can transport renewable energy from a power generation facility to an energy consumption location. The system consists of a power generator that generates and stores electricity from a renewable energy, a hydrogen generator that generates hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity obtained from the power generator, a methane synthesizer that generates methane by the Sabatier reaction using the hydrogen and a recycled CO.sub.2 as raw materials, and a methane transportation system that transports the methane without emitting CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere, a methane transportation system that transports the methane without emitting CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere, a power generation and carbon capture unit that generates electricity by reacting the transported methane with oxygen and captures CO.sub.2 discharged during the power generation as recycled CO.sub.2, a CO.sub.2 transportation system that transports the recycled CO.sub.2 to the methane synthesis site without emitting CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere.