The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, system and method for selectively capturing a carbon-containing gas from an input gas mixture.

A method for converting carbon dioxide to carbon (e.g., graphite, graphene, or amorphous porous carbon), the method comprising passing the carbon dioxide through a molten anhydrous salt maintained at a temperature within a range of 400 C.-800 C. while the molten anhydrous salt is in contact with a cathode and an anode that are electrically interconnected to impart a voltage to the molten anhydrous salt, wherein the cathode has a metal composition comprising at least one of nickel, iron, and cobalt, wherein the voltage is within a range of 2 V to 3.5 V, and wherein the temperature and voltage are applied for a period of time of 5 minutes to 10 hours (or, e.g., 0.1-10 or 1-10 hours) to result in conversion of the carbon dioxide to carbon.

A method for converting carbon dioxide to carbon (e.g., graphite, graphene, or amorphous porous carbon), the method comprising passing the carbon dioxide through a molten anhydrous salt maintained at a temperature within a range of 400 C.-800 C. while the molten anhydrous salt is in contact with a cathode and an anode that are electrically interconnected to impart a voltage to the molten anhydrous salt, wherein the cathode has a metal composition comprising at least one of nickel, iron, and cobalt, wherein the voltage is within a range of 2 V to 3.5 V, and wherein the temperature and voltage are applied for a period of time of 5 minutes to 10 hours (or, e.g., 0.1-10 or 1-10 hours) to result in conversion of the carbon dioxide to carbon.

The invention relates to a method, an electrolyte membrane, and a corresponding electrolysis cell or an electrolysis stack for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor using electric energy and/or a corresponding fuel cell or a fuel cell stack in order to produce electric energy using hydrogen and oxygen by means of a redox reaction of lithiated iron oxide iron which is dissolved in a liquid alkali carbonate salt. The membrane for splitting water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen consists, in the embodiment according to the invention, of a novel lithiated iron oxide electrolyte which is dissolved in a liquid alkali carbonate salt mixture, generally also referred to as a carbonate melt, which includes lithium carbonate among others. The electrolyte and the liquid carbonate salt are bonded in a heat-resistant non-conductive matrix, for example consisting of lithium aluminate LiAlO.sub.2 and/or another heat-resistant material with a capillary effect.

The invention relates to a method, an electrolyte membrane, and a corresponding electrolysis cell or an electrolysis stack for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor using electric energy and/or a corresponding fuel cell or a fuel cell stack in order to produce electric energy using hydrogen and oxygen by means of a redox reaction of lithiated iron oxide iron which is dissolved in a liquid alkali carbonate salt. The membrane for splitting water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen consists, in the embodiment according to the invention, of a novel lithiated iron oxide electrolyte which is dissolved in a liquid alkali carbonate salt mixture, generally also referred to as a carbonate melt, which includes lithium carbonate among others. The electrolyte and the liquid carbonate salt are bonded in a heat-resistant non-conductive matrix, for example consisting of lithium aluminate LiAlO.sub.2 and/or another heat-resistant material with a capillary effect.

A system and method for molten electrolysis includes a molten electrolyte reactor, a silicon refiner reactor, and an aluminum refiner reactor to accommodate the extraction of metals and oxygen from metal oxide feedstock. The reactor systems, designed to operate in the vacuum environment of the Moon, incorporate heat sources to melt the metal oxide feedstock, anodes and cathodes to support electrolysis, systems interconnecting the reactors, and systems allowing for removal of materials from the reactors.

A system and method for molten electrolysis includes a molten electrolyte reactor, a silicon refiner reactor, and an aluminum refiner reactor to accommodate the extraction of metals and oxygen from metal oxide feedstock. The reactor systems, designed to operate in the vacuum environment of the Moon, incorporate heat sources to melt the metal oxide feedstock, anodes and cathodes to support electrolysis, systems interconnecting the reactors, and systems allowing for removal of materials from the reactors.

The embodiments herein relate to methods, apparatus, and systems for forming and purifying solid carbon material from a molten carbonate salt electrolyte. Various embodiments also provide methods, apparatus, and systems for recycling certain materials including the carbonate salt electrolyte, carbon dioxide, water, etc. Advantageously, the system utilizes carbon dioxide in one or more processes, for example to purify the solid carbon and regenerate the carbonate salt electrolyte. These methods, apparatus, and systems provide an efficient technique to consume carbon dioxide in the production of solid carbon, with substantial advantages over systems that attempt to form solid carbon from a stream of carbon dioxide provided directly to an electrolysis reactor.

The embodiments herein relate to methods, apparatus, and systems for forming and purifying solid carbon material from a molten carbonate salt electrolyte. Various embodiments also provide methods, apparatus, and systems for recycling certain materials including the carbonate salt electrolyte, carbon dioxide, water, etc. Advantageously, the system utilizes carbon dioxide in one or more processes, for example to purify the solid carbon and regenerate the carbonate salt electrolyte. These methods, apparatus, and systems provide an efficient technique to consume carbon dioxide in the production of solid carbon, with substantial advantages over systems that attempt to form solid carbon from a stream of carbon dioxide provided directly to an electrolysis reactor.

A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allow for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.