An electrolytic eluent generator includes an electrolyte reservoir and at least one eluent generation cartridge. The electrolyte reservoir includes a chamber containing an aqueous electrolyte solution; and a first electrode. The at least one eluent generation cartridge includes a platinum mesh electrode; a polymer screen; a plurality of reinforced membranes; a membrane washer; and a spacer including a central post and an annular projection.

An electrolytic eluent generator includes an electrolyte reservoir and at least one eluent generation cartridge. The electrolyte reservoir includes a chamber containing an aqueous electrolyte solution; and a first electrode. The at least one eluent generation cartridge includes a platinum mesh electrode; a polymer screen; a plurality of reinforced membranes; a membrane washer; and a spacer including a central post and an annular projection.

Herein discussed is a method of producing hydrogen comprising introducing a first stream comprising a fuel to an electrochemical (EC) reactor having a mixed-conducting membrane, introducing a second stream comprising water to the reactor, reducing the water in the second stream to produce hydrogen, and recycling at least portion of the produced hydrogen to the first stream, wherein the membrane comprises an electronically conducting phase and an ionically conducting phase; and wherein the first stream and the second stream do not come in contact with each other in the reactor.

[Problem] To provide a stacked structure including electrodes that can effectively prevent misalignment between units. [Solution] A stacked structure 2 including electrodes 232, 332, 412, 233, 333, 422, wherein multiple units 23, 33, 24, 41, 42 including flat units are stacked and fastened by fasteners 25, the respective units 23, 33, 24, 41, 42 comprising frame-shaped fastening portions 237a, 237b, 337a, 337b, 247a, 247b, 417a, 417b, 427a, 427b on outer peripheral portions on both surfaces thereof, being stacked by the surfaces of the respective fastening portions 237a, 237b, 337a, 337b, 247a, 247b, 417a, 417b, 427a, 427b being pressed against each other, and being formed so that the width of fastening portions 247a, 247b, 337a, 337b, 427a, 427b on one unit is different from the width of fastening portions 237a, 237b, 417a, 417b on another unit.

The present disclosure relates to electrocatalysts for electroreduction of a carbon-containing gas to produce n-propanol, for example. The electrocatalyst includes a multi-metallic material comprising a primary metal, such as Cu, and a metal dopant, such as Ag, selected and distributed to provide asymmetric active sites that include neighbouring atoms of the primary metal having distinct electronic structures to promote C2-C1 coupling. The electrocatalysts can be bimetallic or bimetallic, for example. The disclosure also relates to manufacturing and using the electrocatalysts, which can be used as a cathodic catalyst to convert CO or CO.sub.2 into multi-carbon products.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a separator having a first reaction region and a second reaction region; a first reaction layer disposed to correspond to the first reaction region; a second reaction layer disposed to correspond to the second reaction region; a first partition wall portion protruding from one surface of the separator, disposed along a boundary between the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer, and including a first connecting flow path configured to connect the first reaction region and the second reaction region so that the first reaction region and the second reaction region fluidically communicate with each other through the first connecting flow path; and a first sealing member disposed at an end portion of the first partition wall portion and configured to seal a portion between the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer, enlarging a reaction region without increasing a size of a reaction layer.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a separator having a first reaction region and a second reaction region; a first reaction layer disposed to correspond to the first reaction region; a second reaction layer disposed to correspond to the second reaction region; a first partition wall portion protruding from one surface of the separator, disposed along a boundary between the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer, and including a first connecting flow path configured to connect the first reaction region and the second reaction region so that the first reaction region and the second reaction region fluidically communicate with each other through the first connecting flow path; and a first sealing member disposed at an end portion of the first partition wall portion and configured to seal a portion between the first reaction layer and the second reaction layer, enlarging a reaction region without increasing a size of a reaction layer.

The present invention relates to the application of high electrical conductivity electrodes in whatever type of the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to substantially reduce power consumption. The high electrical conductivity electrodes are selected from copper electrodes or graphene electrodes and are coated with a catalyst. Type of electrolysis may be conventional diaphragm or membrane type, diaphragm-less or Unipolar electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

The present invention relates to the application of high electrical conductivity electrodes in whatever type of the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to substantially reduce power consumption. The high electrical conductivity electrodes are selected from copper electrodes or graphene electrodes and are coated with a catalyst. Type of electrolysis may be conventional diaphragm or membrane type, diaphragm-less or Unipolar electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

A method for making a metal-organic framework, MOF, as nanosheets, includes providing a MXene, wherein the MXene has a general formula of M.sub.n+1X.sub.nT.sub.x, with n=1-3, M represents an early transition metal, X is C and/or N, and Tx is surface terminations; providing a ligand; mixing the MXene and the ligand in a vessel; heating the MXene and the ligand in the vessel; and forming the MX-MOF nanosheets. The MX-MOF nanosheets have a thickness less than 10 nm.