A metal foil has a cathode surface on which no linear indentations exist when viewed microscopically, a production method for the same, and a processing method for an electrodeposition drum used for the same. A surface of the electrodeposition drum for producing the metal foil is irradiated with a laser to process this surface into a pattern of repeated curved shapes including a plurality of dot-shaped dents or the like. With this, the pattern of repeated curved shapes is formed on the surface of the electrodeposition drum. The electrodeposition drum thus processed is used as a cathode, supply of electricity is provided between the electrodeposition drum and an anode plate that are soaked in an electrolytic solution to electrodeposit metal on the surface of the drum with an electrolytic reaction, and thereafter, the metal is peeled off from the electrodeposition drum, thereby yielding the metal foil. The metal foil thus obtained has a pattern corresponding to the pattern of repeated curved shapes including a plurality of dot-shaped bumps or the like on the cathode surface thereof.

A metal foil has a cathode surface on which no linear indentations exist when viewed microscopically, a production method for the same, and a processing method for an electrodeposition drum used for the same. A surface of the electrodeposition drum for producing the metal foil is irradiated with a laser to process this surface into a pattern of repeated curved shapes including a plurality of dot-shaped dents or the like. With this, the pattern of repeated curved shapes is formed on the surface of the electrodeposition drum. The electrodeposition drum thus processed is used as a cathode, supply of electricity is provided between the electrodeposition drum and an anode plate that are soaked in an electrolytic solution to electrodeposit metal on the surface of the drum with an electrolytic reaction, and thereafter, the metal is peeled off from the electrodeposition drum, thereby yielding the metal foil. The metal foil thus obtained has a pattern corresponding to the pattern of repeated curved shapes including a plurality of dot-shaped bumps or the like on the cathode surface thereof.

Devices suitable for the production of electrochemically aligned materials such as strands, threads or fibers. The device includes a substantially horizontally aligned electrochemical cell in one embodiment, with the arrangement producing highly compacted materials. Materials including electrochemically aligned and compacted compounds are also disclosed, along with methods for making and using the materials.

Devices suitable for the production of electrochemically aligned materials such as strands, threads or fibers. The device includes a substantially horizontally aligned electrochemical cell in one embodiment, with the arrangement producing highly compacted materials. Materials including electrochemically aligned and compacted compounds are also disclosed, along with methods for making and using the materials.

Disclosed is a technical idea of forming ruthenium and ruthenium-cobalt alloy nanowires having various diameters using electroplating. More particularly, a technology of forming ruthenium and ruthenium-cobalt alloy nanowires on a porous template, on pores of which nanotubes are deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD), using electroplating, and annealing the ruthenium and ruthenium-cobalt alloy nanowires to form ruthenium-cobalt alloy nanowires having various diameters.

A surface-treated copper foil includes a bulk copper foil and a first surface treatment layer. The first surface treatment layer is disposed on a first surface of the bulk copper foil and includes a roughening layer, where the outermost surface of the first surface treatment layer is a treating surface of the surface-treated copper foil. The material volume (Vm) of the treating surface is 0.06 to 1.45 μm.sup.3/μm.sup.2, and the five-point peak height (S5p) of the treating surface is 0.15 to 2.00 μm.

A surface-treated copper foil includes a bulk copper foil and a first surface treatment layer. The first surface treatment layer is disposed on a first surface of the bulk copper foil and includes a roughening layer, where the outermost surface of the first surface treatment layer is a treating surface of the surface-treated copper foil. The material volume (Vm) of the treating surface is 0.06 to 1.45 μm.sup.3/μm.sup.2, and the five-point peak height (S5p) of the treating surface is 0.15 to 2.00 μm.

A method for producing an electrocompacted and aligned strand is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a channel having an anode on one side and a cathode on the other side separated by a non-conductive material to form an electrode; dispensing a solution comprising one or more electrocompactable and alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature into the channel to complete a circuit between the anode and the cathode; applying a DC current in the range of 1-200 volts to the electrode through the solution in the channel to form an electrocompacted and aligned strand; and transferring the aligned strand out of the electrode. The one or more electrocompactable and alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature can comprise collagen molecules that have different charges at different pH values. Materials including electrochemically aligned and compacted compounds are also disclosed.

A method for producing an electrocompacted and aligned strand is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a channel having an anode on one side and a cathode on the other side separated by a non-conductive material to form an electrode; dispensing a solution comprising one or more electrocompactable and alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature into the channel to complete a circuit between the anode and the cathode; applying a DC current in the range of 1-200 volts to the electrode through the solution in the channel to form an electrocompacted and aligned strand; and transferring the aligned strand out of the electrode. The one or more electrocompactable and alignable molecules, nanoparticles or microparticles with ampholytic nature can comprise collagen molecules that have different charges at different pH values. Materials including electrochemically aligned and compacted compounds are also disclosed.

An electrolytic copper foil securing high strength characteristics such as tensile strength is disclosed. The electrolytic copper foil can secure high strength characteristics by maintaining an area ratio of fine grains and grain boundaries in the electrolytic copper foil even after high-temperature heat treatment. An electrode for a secondary battery including the electrolytic copper foil, and a secondary battery including the electrode are also disclosed.