A method for making an optical fiber device may include using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to generate a preform body including an optical material. The preform body may have a 3D pattern of voids therein defining a 3D lattice. The method may further include drawing the preform body to form the optical fiber device.

A method for making an optical fiber device may include using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to generate a preform body including an optical material. The preform body may have a 3D pattern of voids therein defining a 3D lattice. The method may further include drawing the preform body to form the optical fiber device.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mesh-membrane nebulizers are described. The MEMS mesh-membrane nebulizers may include a piezoelectric MEMS mesh membrane. The piezoelectric MEMS mesh membrane may include a piezoelectric active layer patterned with openings for making droplets. One electrode of the piezoelectric MEMS mesh membrane may serve as an electrode for electroplating. Activation of the piezoelectric MEMS mesh membrane may generate droplets suitable for delivery of medicines or other uses.

A framework of copper oxide dendrites is formed on a copper substrate, and these are then coated or plated with silver, gold, or an equivalent metal to create metal-coated dendrites with nano-structures, favorably in range of 50 to 200 nanometers. The framework of metal-coated dendrites are well suited for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other practical applications.

A method for decontamination of a toxic substance is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, and putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with a contaminant solution comprising the toxic substance. Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, where each channel of the plurality of channels have a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels. Putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with the contaminant solution includes adding hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2) and the plurality of nanomotors to the contaminant solution.

A method for decontamination of a toxic substance is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, and putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with a contaminant solution comprising the toxic substance. Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, where each channel of the plurality of channels have a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels. Putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with the contaminant solution includes adding hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2) and the plurality of nanomotors to the contaminant solution.

A method for manufacturing a ceramic electronic component in which a plated electrode can be formed in a region of the surface of a ceramic base body formed of a titanium-containing metal oxide. The method includes preparing a ceramic base body containing a titanium-containing metal oxide, forming a low-resistance section by modifying the metal oxide through irradiation of part of a surface layer portion of the ceramic base body with a pulse laser with a peak power density of 110.sup.6 W/cm.sup.2 to 110.sup.9 W/cm.sup.2 and a frequency of 500 kHz or less, and forming an electrode on the low-resistance section by electroplating. The laser irradiation generates an O defect in a titanium-containing metal oxide, such as BaTiO.sub.3 to form an n-type semiconductor. Since this semiconductor section has a lower resistance value than the metal oxide, plating metal can be selectively deposited by electroplating.

A method for manufacturing a ceramic electronic component in which a plated electrode can be formed in a region of the surface of a ceramic base body formed of a titanium-containing metal oxide. The method includes preparing a ceramic base body containing a titanium-containing metal oxide, forming a low-resistance section by modifying the metal oxide through irradiation of part of a surface layer portion of the ceramic base body with a pulse laser with a peak power density of 110.sup.6 W/cm.sup.2 to 110.sup.9 W/cm.sup.2 and a frequency of 500 kHz or less, and forming an electrode on the low-resistance section by electroplating. The laser irradiation generates an O defect in a titanium-containing metal oxide, such as BaTiO.sub.3 to form an n-type semiconductor. Since this semiconductor section has a lower resistance value than the metal oxide, plating metal can be selectively deposited by electroplating.

Systems and methods for manufacturing and processing microwires for use as microelectrodes are disclosed. The disclosed techniques provide methods for creating microelectrode bundles with different organizations and patterns. Systems and methods of the present disclosure also provide methods for electrochemically modifying bundles of microelectrode ends.

A method for making an optical fiber device may include using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to generate a preform body including an optical material. The preform body may have a 3D pattern of voids therein defining a 3D lattice. The method may further include drawing the preform body to form the optical fiber device.