The disclosure provides for anti-scale deposition coatings for use on surface, such as on oilfield parts. The coating includes a first, sublayer of a metal, ceramic, or metal-ceramic composite, which is characterized in having a hardness in excess of 35 HRC. The coating includes a second, top layer over the first layer, that is a polymer. A surface of the first layer may be conditioned to have a roughened or patterned topology for receipt of and adherence with the at least one top layer. The first layer may provide the coating with hardness, and the at least one top layer may provide the coating with low-friction and anti-scale properties.

The disclosure provides for anti-scale deposition coatings for use on surface, such as on oilfield parts. The coating includes a first, sublayer of a metal, ceramic, or metal-ceramic composite, which is characterized in having a hardness in excess of 35 HRC. The coating includes a second, top layer over the first layer, that is a polymer. A surface of the first layer may be conditioned to have a roughened or patterned topology for receipt of and adherence with the at least one top layer. The first layer may provide the coating with hardness, and the at least one top layer may provide the coating with low-friction and anti-scale properties.

We provide a single-atom catalyst comprising nanostructures of a conductive material and a plurality of single-atom metal sites dispersed on the surface of each of the nanostructures. A method of manufacture of such catalyst is also provided. It relies on the electrodeposition or drop casting of the nanostructures of a conductive material on a substrate, followed by the adsorption and electrochemical reduction of complex ions comprising a single atom of each of one or more metal on the surface of the nanostructures.

We provide a single-atom catalyst comprising nanostructures of a conductive material and a plurality of single-atom metal sites dispersed on the surface of each of the nanostructures. A method of manufacture of such catalyst is also provided. It relies on the electrodeposition or drop casting of the nanostructures of a conductive material on a substrate, followed by the adsorption and electrochemical reduction of complex ions comprising a single atom of each of one or more metal on the surface of the nanostructures.

A biomarker detection sensor includes a substrate; a working electrode formed by laser-scribing directly into the substrate so that a material of the substrate is transformed into graphene; a metal nanostructure formed on a graphene surface of the working electrode, wherein the metal nanostructure is shaped as a tree with plural branches extending away from the graphene surface; an aptamer covering a first surface area of the metal nanostructure; a reference electrode; and a counter electrode.

A biomarker detection sensor includes a substrate; a working electrode formed by laser-scribing directly into the substrate so that a material of the substrate is transformed into graphene; a metal nanostructure formed on a graphene surface of the working electrode, wherein the metal nanostructure is shaped as a tree with plural branches extending away from the graphene surface; an aptamer covering a first surface area of the metal nanostructure; a reference electrode; and a counter electrode.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. The method includes a first anodization step that includes anodizing the valve metal layer in a thickness direction to form a porous layer that includes a plurality of channels. Each channel has channel walls and a channel bottom. The channel bottom is coated with a first insulating metal oxide barrier layer as a result of the first anodization step. The method also includes a protective treatment. Further, the method includes a second anodization step after the protective treatment. The second anodization step substantially removes the first insulating metal oxide barrier layer, induces anodization, and creates a second insulating metal oxide barrier layer. In addition, the method includes an etching step.

At least one embodiment relates to a method for transforming at least part of a valve metal layer into a template that includes a plurality of spaced channels aligned longitudinally along a first direction. The method includes a first anodization step that includes anodizing the valve metal layer in a thickness direction to form a porous layer that includes a plurality of channels. Each channel has channel walls and a channel bottom. The channel bottom is coated with a first insulating metal oxide barrier layer as a result of the first anodization step. The method also includes a protective treatment. Further, the method includes a second anodization step after the protective treatment. The second anodization step substantially removes the first insulating metal oxide barrier layer, induces anodization, and creates a second insulating metal oxide barrier layer. In addition, the method includes an etching step.

A hydrogel is formed by a reaction which is induced, in an electrolytic solution, by an electrode product electrochemically generated by electrodes installed in the electrolytic solution. An apparatus including an electrolytic tank with a bottom surface on which a two-dimensional array of working electrodes is provided and a counter electrode installed in the electrolytic tank is prepared. An electrolytic solution containing a dissolved substance that causes electrolytic deposition of a hydrogel is housed in the electrolytic tank. By applying a predetermined voltage to one or more selected working electrodes of the two-dimensional array, a hydrogel with a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to the arrangement of the selected working electrodes is formed.

A hydrogel is formed by a reaction which is induced, in an electrolytic solution, by an electrode product electrochemically generated by electrodes installed in the electrolytic solution. An apparatus including an electrolytic tank with a bottom surface on which a two-dimensional array of working electrodes is provided and a counter electrode installed in the electrolytic tank is prepared. An electrolytic solution containing a dissolved substance that causes electrolytic deposition of a hydrogel is housed in the electrolytic tank. By applying a predetermined voltage to one or more selected working electrodes of the two-dimensional array, a hydrogel with a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to the arrangement of the selected working electrodes is formed.