A part, such as an automotive part, is provided. The part includes at least two work pieces of steel which are joined together at a weld seam which includes at least one of nickel and iron and is substantially entirely free of silicate islands. The part also includes a painted, phosphated or electrocoated coating which is bonded with at least a portion of the substantially entirely silicate island free weld seam.

The present invention concerns a method for increasing the adhesion between a chromium surface and a lacquer wherein said chromium surface is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising at least one phosphorous compound according to formulae R.sup.1P(O)(OR.sup.2)(OR.sup.3) 1 and R.sup.1OP(O)(OR.sup.2)(OR.sup.3) 2 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group, linear, branched or cyclic comprising at least one polar residue and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl while passing an external electrical current through said substrate and at least one anode wherein said substrate serves as the cathode.

The present invention concerns a method for increasing the adhesion between a chromium surface and a lacquer wherein said chromium surface is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising at least one phosphorous compound according to formulae R.sup.1P(O)(OR.sup.2)(OR.sup.3) 1 and R.sup.1OP(O)(OR.sup.2)(OR.sup.3) 2 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group, linear, branched or cyclic comprising at least one polar residue and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl while passing an external electrical current through said substrate and at least one anode wherein said substrate serves as the cathode.

A part, such as an automotive part, is provided. The part includes at least two work pieces of steel which are joined together at a weld seam which includes at least one of nickel and iron and is substantially entirely free of silicate islands. The part also includes a painted, phosphated or electrocoated coating which is bonded with at least a portion of the substantially entirely silicate island free weld seam.

A part, such as an automotive part, is provided. The part includes at least two work pieces of steel which are joined together at a weld seam which includes at least one of nickel and iron and is substantially entirely free of silicate islands. The part also includes a painted, phosphated or electrocoated coating which is bonded with at least a portion of the substantially entirely silicate island free weld seam.

A steel sheet for a container includes a steel sheet, a Sn coated layer which is provided as an upper layer of the steel sheet and contains Sn in an amount of 560 to 5600 mg/m.sup.2 in terms of Sn metal, and a chemical treatment layer which is provided as an upper layer of the Sn coated layer and contains a Zr compound in an amount of 3.0 to 30.0 mg/m.sup.2 in terms of Zr metal and a Mg compound in an amount of 0.50 to 5.00 mg/m.sup.2 in terms of Mg metal.

The present invention concerns a method for increasing the adhesion between a chromium surface and a lacquer wherein said chromium surface is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising at least one phosphorous compound according to formulae R.sup.1P(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 1 and R.sup.1OP(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 2 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group, linear, branched or cyclic comprising at least one polar residue and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl while passing an external electrical current through said substrate and at least one anode wherein said substrate serves as the cathode.

The present invention concerns a method for increasing the adhesion between a chromium surface and a lacquer wherein said chromium surface is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising at least one phosphorous compound according to formulae R.sup.1P(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 1 and R.sup.1OP(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 2 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group, linear, branched or cyclic comprising at least one polar residue and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl while passing an external electrical current through said substrate and at least one anode wherein said substrate serves as the cathode.

A black plated resin part includes a resin base material, an underlying plating layer including a copper plating layer and a nickel plating layer formed in this order on the resin base material, a black chromium plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer, formed of trivalent chromium, and having a film thickness of not less than 0.15 m, and a corrosion resistant film formed on the black chromium plating layer, formed of chromic phosphate or molybdenum phosphate, and having a film thickness of not less than 7 nm. A brightness of the black chromium plating layer seen through the corrosion resistant film is expressed by an L* value of not more than 54 based on the L*a*b* color system.

Methods for forming optical articles with antireflective nanostructured (ARN) surfaces. An aluminum layer is deposited or otherwise applied to the cavity of an injection mold tool. Sequential chemical treatments such as anodization and etching steps form an ARN mold texture on the interior surface of the cavity. The ARN mold texture is a negative of a desired surface texture of the article. During injection molding, the desired ARN surface is thereby produced in the optical article.