An intermediate rotogravure product has a cylindrical case onto which a circumferential copper layer extends, the circumferential copper layer having a characteristic surface roughness Rz and porosity. A copper engraving layer is on the circumferential copper layer. A method for engraving into adds a copper engraving layer, followed by engraving a predetermined pattern. A rotogravure cylinder product and method add a copper engraving layer on the circumferential copper layer that can be engraved in accordance with a predefined pattern and protected with a protection layer.

An intermediate rotogravure product has a cylindrical case onto which a circumferential copper layer extends, the circumferential copper layer having a characteristic surface roughness Rz and porosity. A copper engraving layer is on the circumferential copper layer. A method for engraving into adds a copper engraving layer, followed by engraving a predetermined pattern. A rotogravure cylinder product and method add a copper engraving layer on the circumferential copper layer that can be engraved in accordance with a predefined pattern and protected with a protection layer.

The invention relates to a method and system for preventing corrosion of at least one metallic structure in an electrolyte medium, comprising applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave to the structure, the method comprising the steps of generating a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave (DAC wave) where an AC driving signal with time-varying frequency is riding on a DC output with a predefined DC bias voltage, transmitting the DAC wave current to one or more emitters, emitting the DAC wave via the one or more emitters, placing the one or more emitters at a spaced distance from the metallic structure, subjecting the metallic structure to the DAC wave current, controlling the negative return current of the DAC wave from the metallic structure, such that the DAC wave is distributed across the structure surface and directly excites a target region of the metallic structure, and wherein the excitation induces a flow of ionic current having a DC component travelling in a pulsating and time-varying manner in the target region and effects induced vibration of electrons and molecules in the target region. The method and the system of the invention significantly reduce capital costs and require very low energy, they avoid environmentally unfriendly final products, and are able to result in effective corrosion protection of metallic structures in different surrounding conditions.

The invention relates to a method and system for preventing corrosion of at least one metallic structure in an electrolyte medium, comprising applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave to the structure, the method comprising the steps of generating a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave (DAC wave) where an AC driving signal with time-varying frequency is riding on a DC output with a predefined DC bias voltage, transmitting the DAC wave current to one or more emitters, emitting the DAC wave via the one or more emitters, placing the one or more emitters at a spaced distance from the metallic structure, subjecting the metallic structure to the DAC wave current, controlling the negative return current of the DAC wave from the metallic structure, such that the DAC wave is distributed across the structure surface and directly excites a target region of the metallic structure, and wherein the excitation induces a flow of ionic current having a DC component travelling in a pulsating and time-varying manner in the target region and effects induced vibration of electrons and molecules in the target region. The method and the system of the invention significantly reduce capital costs and require very low energy, they avoid environmentally unfriendly final products, and are able to result in effective corrosion protection of metallic structures in different surrounding conditions.

A method for passivation of the surface of blackplate or tinplate by electrolytic deposition of a chromium oxide-containing passivation layer on the surface. The electrolytic deposition of the chromium-containing passivation layer occurs from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound as well as at least one salt to increase the conductivity and at least one acid or a base to adjust a desired pH value. The electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

A method for passivation of the surface of blackplate or tinplate by electrolytic deposition of a chromium oxide-containing passivation layer on the surface. The electrolytic deposition of the chromium-containing passivation layer occurs from an electrolyte solution that contains a trivalent chromium compound as well as at least one salt to increase the conductivity and at least one acid or a base to adjust a desired pH value. The electrolyte solution contains no additional components apart from the trivalent chromium compound as well as the at least one salt and the at least one acid or base and is especially free of organic complexing agents and free of buffering agents.

A stainless steel plate for press forming includes a stainless steel having a recess formed along grain boundaries on a base surface of the stainless steel; and a surface film that is formed on a surface of the stainless steel that includes the recess, that is composed of at least one of an Fe and Cr-based oxide film and an Fe and Cr-based hydroxide film, and that has a thickness of equal to or greater than 0.1 m and equal to or less than 3.0 m, wherein a groove is formed correspondingly to the recess on the surface side of the stainless steel. The stainless steel plate has superior galling resistance and press formability during press forming even if general-purpose stainless steel and an extreme pressure additive, such as a non-chlorine-based additive, or a low viscosity press oil are used.

A stainless steel plate for press forming includes a stainless steel having a recess formed along grain boundaries on a base surface of the stainless steel; and a surface film that is formed on a surface of the stainless steel that includes the recess, that is composed of at least one of an Fe and Cr-based oxide film and an Fe and Cr-based hydroxide film, and that has a thickness of equal to or greater than 0.1 m and equal to or less than 3.0 m, wherein a groove is formed correspondingly to the recess on the surface side of the stainless steel. The stainless steel plate has superior galling resistance and press formability during press forming even if general-purpose stainless steel and an extreme pressure additive, such as a non-chlorine-based additive, or a low viscosity press oil are used.

The present invention provide a ferritic stainless steel foil having a high thickness precision even with a thickness 60 m or less ultrathin stainless steel foil and simultaneously having a plastic deformation ability and good elongation at break, that is, having a good press-formability (deep drawing ability). The present invention is a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 5 m to 60 m, wherein a recrystallization ratio of said stainless steel foil is 90% to 100%, a surface layer of said stainless steel foil has a nitrogen concentration of 1.0 mass % or less, three or more crystal grains are contained in the thickness direction of said stainless steel foil, an average crystal grain diameter d of said crystal grains is 1 m to 10 m, and, when said thickness is t (m), an area ratio of crystal grains having a crystal grain diameter of t/3 (m) or more is 20% or less.

The present invention provide a ferritic stainless steel foil having a high thickness precision even with a thickness 60 m or less ultrathin stainless steel foil and simultaneously having a plastic deformation ability and good elongation at break, that is, having a good press-formability (deep drawing ability). The present invention is a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 5 m to 60 m, wherein a recrystallization ratio of said stainless steel foil is 90% to 100%, a surface layer of said stainless steel foil has a nitrogen concentration of 1.0 mass % or less, three or more crystal grains are contained in the thickness direction of said stainless steel foil, an average crystal grain diameter d of said crystal grains is 1 m to 10 m, and, when said thickness is t (m), an area ratio of crystal grains having a crystal grain diameter of t/3 (m) or more is 20% or less.