The present invention relates to a substrate having (a) a first material applied to at least a portion of the substrate, and (b) a coating layer deposited from a liquid coating composition including a film-forming resin, and optionally a crosslinker that is reactive with the film-forming resin, in direct contact with at least a portion of the substrate to which the first material has been applied. The first material is (i) a catalyst that catalyzes cure of the liquid coating composition, (ii) a component reactive with the film-forming resin and/or the crosslinker of the liquid coating composition, and/or (iii) a rheology modifier.

The present disclosure provides a manufacturing method of a display panel which includes forming a pattern of a first electrode layer on a first substrate; coating a nano particle solution on the pattern of the first electrode layer and the first substrate; providing a second substrate formed with a pattern of a second electrode layer, wherein the pattern of the first electrode layer corresponds to the pattern of the second electrode layer; and connecting the pattern of the first electrode layer and the pattern of the second electrode layer to a power supply to perform a patterning treatment on the nano particle solution to make the nano particle solution form a pattern of a nano particle layer.

Methods of fabricating a damascene template for electrophoretic assembly and transfer of patterned nanoelements are provided which do not require chemical mechanical polishing to achieve a uniform surface area. The methods include conductive layer fabrication using a combination of precision lithography techniques using etching or building up the conductive layer to form raised conductive features separated by an insulating layer of equal height.

Methods of fabricating a damascene template for electrophoretic assembly and transfer of patterned nanoelements are provided which do not require chemical mechanical polishing to achieve a uniform surface area. The methods include conductive layer fabrication using a combination of precision lithography techniques using etching or building up the conductive layer to form raised conductive features separated by an insulating layer of equal height.

An electrode for beta-photovoltaic cells includes: a substrate formed of a conductive layer with a thickness ranging between about 10 nm to 1 micron; a composite layer of radioluminescent phosphor with radioisotope particles homogeneously dispersed therein formed on conductive substrate with a thickness ranging between about 1 and 25 microns; and a semiconductor comprising a P-i-N/P-u-N junction or a N-i-P-P junction. The radioisotope may be a beta-emitter, such as Ni-63, H-3, Pm-147, or Sr-90/Y-90.

An electrode for beta-photovoltaic cells includes: a substrate formed of a conductive layer with a thickness ranging between about 10 nm to 1 micron; a composite layer of radioluminescent phosphor with radioisotope particles homogeneously dispersed therein formed on conductive substrate with a thickness ranging between about 1 and 25 microns; and a semiconductor comprising a P-i-N/P-u-N junction or a N-i-P-P junction. The radioisotope may be a beta-emitter, such as Ni-63, H-3, Pm-147, or Sr-90/Y-90.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) agglomerates can be aligned along the field lines between adjacent electrodes to form conductive bridges. The present invention is directed to a stepwise process of dielectrophoretic deposition of CNTs to form conducting bridges between adjacent electrodes spanning lengths over 50 microns. The CNT bridges are permanently secured using electrodeposition of the conducting polymer polypyrrole. Morphologies of the CNT bridges formed within a frequency range of 1 kHz and 10 MHz are employed and explained as a consequence of interplay between dielectrophoretic and electroosmotic forces. Postdeposition heat treatment increases conductivity of CNT bridges likely due to solvent evaporation and resulting surface tension inducing better contact between CNTs.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) agglomerates can be aligned along the field lines between adjacent electrodes to form conductive bridges. The present invention is directed to a stepwise process of dielectrophoretic deposition of CNTs to form conducting bridges between adjacent electrodes spanning lengths over 50 microns. The CNT bridges are permanently secured using electrodeposition of the conducting polymer polypyrrole. Morphologies of the CNT bridges formed within a frequency range of 1 kHz and 10 MHz are employed and explained as a consequence of interplay between dielectrophoretic and electroosmotic forces. Postdeposition heat treatment increases conductivity of CNT bridges likely due to solvent evaporation and resulting surface tension inducing better contact between CNTs.

A temporary restraining device is provided that includes a head portion, a central body positioned below the head portion, an upper gap defined between the head portion and the central body, and a base portion positioned below the central body, a lower gap defined between the base portion and the central body. The temporary restraining device maintains a predetermined offset between workpieces disposed within the upper and lower gaps for subsequent manufacturing operations.

Disclosed is a method for treating an anodized metal substrate, including contacting at least a portion of the substrate surface with a sealing composition having a pH of 9.5 to 12.5 and comprising a lithium metal cation. Also disclosed is a system that includes a sealing composition having a pH of 9.5 to 12.5 and comprising a lithium metal cation and an aqueous composition for contacting a surface of the metal substrate following contacting with the sealing composition. Also disclosed are substrates treated with the system and method.