Methods and compositions are provided for oligonucleotide probes and oligonucleotide probe libraries that recognize targets of interest. The targets include circulating biomarkers such as microvesicles, including those derived from various diseases.

Methods and compositions are provided for oligonucleotide probes and oligonucleotide probe libraries that recognize targets of interest. The targets include circulating biomarkers such as microvesicles, including those derived from various diseases.

A gas-phase chemical analyzer has at least one gas chromatography column in gas-flow communication with at least one gas carrying tube of an optical absorption cell, a laser for illuminating molecules in a gas mixture flowing though the at least one gas carrying tube of the optical absorption cell, and a photodetector or photodetecting apparatus for measuring absorption spectra of the gas mixture illuminated by the laser. A first module is provided for statically identifying particular molecules in the gas mixture from other molecules in said gas mixture and a second module is provided for comparing at least selected ones of the particular molecules in the gas mixture with a reference library of absorption spectra of previously identified molecules and for determining the likelihood of a correct identification of the particular molecules in the gas mixture and the previously identified molecules in the reference library.

A gas-phase chemical analyzer has at least one gas chromatography column in gas-flow communication with at least one gas carrying tube of an optical absorption cell, a laser for illuminating molecules in a gas mixture flowing though the at least one gas carrying tube of the optical absorption cell, and a photodetector or photodetecting apparatus for measuring absorption spectra of the gas mixture illuminated by the laser. A first module is provided for statically identifying particular molecules in the gas mixture from other molecules in said gas mixture and a second module is provided for comparing at least selected ones of the particular molecules in the gas mixture with a reference library of absorption spectra of previously identified molecules and for determining the likelihood of a correct identification of the particular molecules in the gas mixture and the previously identified molecules in the reference library.

The present invention provides: an assay method that uses a compound represented by formula (I) as a fluorescent probe molecule and that is for detecting the lipid peroxidation suppression activity of a test compound; an assay kit that uses the assay method; a screening method that uses the assay method; and a pharmaceutical composition that is for the treatment, etc. of diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration) that are induced by lipid peroxidation reactions.

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The present invention provides: an assay method that uses a compound represented by formula (I) as a fluorescent probe molecule and that is for detecting the lipid peroxidation suppression activity of a test compound; an assay kit that uses the assay method; a screening method that uses the assay method; and a pharmaceutical composition that is for the treatment, etc. of diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration) that are induced by lipid peroxidation reactions.

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Present disclosure provides a method including isolating DNA from a source, thereby providing a composition including the isolated DNA. The isolated DNA has at least first and second target regions, where the length of the second target region is greater than the length of the first target region. The method further includes quantifying a total mass of the isolated DNA, quantifying a first quantification cycle (C.sub.q) of the first target region and a second C.sub.q of the second target region, and calculating a Q-ratio for the isolated DNA by dividing the second C.sub.q by the first C.sub.q. The method further includes determining a value for a quality-mass constant (k.sub.Qm), estimating a required input mass by dividing k.sub.Qm by the Q-ratio, and preparing the isolated DNA for sequencing if the total mass of the isolated DNA in the composition is equal or greater than the required input mass.

Present disclosure provides a method including isolating DNA from a source, thereby providing a composition including the isolated DNA. The isolated DNA has at least first and second target regions, where the length of the second target region is greater than the length of the first target region. The method further includes quantifying a total mass of the isolated DNA, quantifying a first quantification cycle (C.sub.q) of the first target region and a second C.sub.q of the second target region, and calculating a Q-ratio for the isolated DNA by dividing the second C.sub.q by the first C.sub.q. The method further includes determining a value for a quality-mass constant (k.sub.Qm), estimating a required input mass by dividing k.sub.Qm by the Q-ratio, and preparing the isolated DNA for sequencing if the total mass of the isolated DNA in the composition is equal or greater than the required input mass.

Present disclosure provides a method including isolating DNA from a source, thereby providing a composition including the isolated DNA. The isolated DNA has at least first and second target regions, where the length of the second target region is greater than the length of the first target region. The method further includes quantifying a total mass of the isolated DNA, quantifying a first quantification cycle (C.sub.q) of the first target region and a second C.sub.q of the second target region, and calculating a Q-ratio for the isolated DNA by dividing the second C.sub.q by the first C.sub.q. The method further includes determining a value for a quality-mass constant (k.sub.Qm), estimating a required input mass by dividing k.sub.Qm by the Q-ratio, and preparing the isolated DNA for sequencing if the total mass of the isolated DNA in the composition is equal or greater than the required input mass.

Present disclosure provides a method including isolating DNA from a source, thereby providing a composition including the isolated DNA. The isolated DNA has at least first and second target regions, where the length of the second target region is greater than the length of the first target region. The method further includes quantifying a total mass of the isolated DNA, quantifying a first quantification cycle (C.sub.q) of the first target region and a second C.sub.q of the second target region, and calculating a Q-ratio for the isolated DNA by dividing the second C.sub.q by the first C.sub.q. The method further includes determining a value for a quality-mass constant (k.sub.Qm), estimating a required input mass by dividing k.sub.Qm by the Q-ratio, and preparing the isolated DNA for sequencing if the total mass of the isolated DNA in the composition is equal or greater than the required input mass.