Process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift.

A syngas loop boiler includes a casing that surrounds a tube bundle, wherein the tube bundle includes a plurality of tubes. One end of each of the tubes is joined to a tube-sheet provided with corresponding tube-sheet inlet holes for inletting the syngas in the boiler, wherein each tube-sheet inlet hole is internally provided with at least a protective sleeve welded at both ends to corresponding surfaces of the tube-sheet inlet hole. Each tube-sheet inlet hole is provided with a first respective weld overlay placed at the inlet mouth of the tube-sheet inlet hole, so that a first end of each protective sleeve is welded to the first weld overlay. Each tube-sheet inlet hole is internally provided with at least a bore groove that contains a respective in-bore second weld overlay, so that the second end of the protective sleeve is welded to the in-bore second weld overlay. Each protective sleeve is thus welded at both ends to respective weld overlays, with the possibility of removal and re-installation without performing any post weld heat treatment.

A process for the production of ammonia and urea in an ammonia-urea integrated plant comprising an ammonia section and a tied-in urea section, wherein a hydrocarbon is reformed to produce ammonia make-up synthesis gas; said make-up gas is purified by shift conversion and removal of carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide is removed from the make-up gas by a first and a second CO2 removal sections;the first section removes CO2 by absorption with a suitable medium, and the second section removes CO2 by washing with a carbamate solution taken from the urea section; the make-up gas is reacted to produce ammonia; the CO2 removed from the make-up gas and at least part of the ammonia are used to produce urea.

The invention relates to a process for preparing ammonia gas and CO.sub.2 for urea synthesis. In the process of the invention, a process gas containing nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide as main components is produced from a metallurgical gas. The metallurgical gas consists of blast furnace gas, or contains blast furnace gas at least as a mixing component. The process gas is fractionated to give a gas stream containing the CO.sub.2 component and a gas mixture consisting primarily of N.sub.2 and H.sub.2. An ammonia gas suitable for the urea synthesis is produced from the gas mixture by means of ammonia synthesis. CO.sub.2 is branched off from the CO.sub.2-containing gas stream in a purity and amount suitable for the urea synthesis.

Process for the synthesis of ammonia from a make-up gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, said process comprising: generation of a synthesis gas (8) containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a molar ratio lower than 3, inside a front-end section (2); a first cryogenic purification, designed to remove nitrogen and raise said molar ratio; conversion of the synthesis gas into ammonia (13) inside a high-pressure synthesis loop (6), with extraction from said loop of a purge stream (14) containing hydrogen and inert gases; wherein at least a portion of said purge stream (14) undergoes a further purification in order to recover at least part of the hydrogen contained therein, obtaining at least one stream (15, 15a, 16, 18) containing recovered hydrogen which is recycled to the process.

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process comprising the steps of: Reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, Shifting the synthesis gas in one in or more shift steps in series, Optionally wash the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water, Sending the process condensate originating from cooling and washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section to a process condensate stripper wherein the dissolved shift byproducts and dissolved gases are stripped out of the process condensate using steam resulting in a steam stream containing more than 99% of the dissolved methanol in process condensate. Adding all or part of said steam stream from the process condensate stripper to the synthesis gas downstream the reforming step, prior to the last shift step, wherein The steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step and the shift step is less than 2.6.

Catalysts for NH.sub.3 cracking and/or synthesis generally include barium calcium aluminum oxide compounds decorated with ruthenium, cobalt, or both. These catalysts can be bonded to a metal structure, which improves thermal conductivity and gas conductance.

A method for producing hydrogen product having a low carbon intensity is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to a hydrogen product using a hydrocarbon reforming process; (b) providing at least some of the required energy for the hydrogen production process from a biomass power plant; and (c) processing one or more flue gas streams from the biomass power plant in a carbon capture unit to reduce CO.sub.2e emissions. The hydrogen product has a carbon intensity preferably less than about 1.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, more preferably less than 0.45 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, and most preferably less than 0.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2.

A method for producing hydrogen product having a low carbon intensity is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to a hydrogen product using a hydrocarbon reforming process; (b) providing at least some of the required energy for the hydrogen production process from a biomass power plant; and (c) processing one or more flue gas streams from the biomass power plant in a carbon capture unit to reduce CO.sub.2e emissions. The hydrogen product has a carbon intensity preferably less than about 1.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, more preferably less than 0.45 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, and most preferably less than 0.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2.

A method for producing hydrogen product having a low carbon intensity is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) converting a hydrocarbon feedstock to a hydrogen product using a hydrocarbon reforming process; (b) providing at least some of the required energy for the hydrogen production process from a biomass power plant; and (c) processing one or more flue gas streams from the biomass power plant in a carbon capture unit to reduce CO.sub.2e emissions. The hydrogen product has a carbon intensity preferably less than about 1.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, more preferably less than 0.45 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2, and most preferably less than 0.0 kg CO.sub.2e/kg H.sub.2.