An anti-microbial formulation for seed and crop application includes about 170 ppm hypochlorous acid; about 25 ppm hypochlorite ion; about 2.5 ppm ozone; about 2.5 ppm chlorine dioxide; between about 10 ppm and about 100,000 ppm alkyl polyglycoside; and a remainder of water. A method of manipulating the pH of the formulation and a method of treating seeds and crops with the formulation to restrict or eliminate microbial growth and proliferation is also described herein.

An anti-microbial formulation for seed and crop application includes about 170 ppm hypochlorous acid; about 25 ppm hypochlorite ion; about 2.5 ppm ozone; about 2.5 ppm chlorine dioxide; between about 10 ppm and about 100,000 ppm alkyl polyglycoside; and a remainder of water. A method of manipulating the pH of the formulation and a method of treating seeds and crops with the formulation to restrict or eliminate microbial growth and proliferation is also described herein.

Provided are sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystal gains that have high bulk density and increase bulk density in a container and improve transport efficiency by controlling the shape of the sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals, and a production method thereof.

As a result of stirring or circulating by pump an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate in a crystallization tank in a crystallization step, sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystal grains are obtained having an average aspect ratio of 2.5 or less.

Provided are a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus for efficiently manufacturing a halogen oxoacid solution with a high quality and excellent industrial properties. Specifically, a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus of a halogen oxoacid are provided. The manufacturing method and the manufacturing apparatus include continuously supplying an organic alkaline solution and a halogen from a first end to a second end of a reaction tube so that liquid phase parts and/or gas phase parts are alternately and repeatedly provided in a transfer passage of the reaction tube, to perform gas-liquid mixing of the organic alkaline solution and the halogen at the liquid phase parts and/or gas phase parts.

The invention relates to compositions, methods of use, and methods of manufacture for an intercalated bleach compound and compositions thereof. The intercalated bleach compound has the formula M.sub.x(OCl).sub.y(O).sub.m(OH).sub.n where M is an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or mixture thereof. The values of x and y independently equal any number greater than or equal to 1 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), and m and n independently equal any number greater than or equal to 0 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), but m and n are not both 0. In addition, the molar ratio of the alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium or calcium) to hypochlorite is at least 3:1. In other words, x is 3y. The compounds exhibit excellent stability, little or no chlorine bleach odor, exhibit excellent pH buffering characteristics, and less reactivity with organic materials as compared to alternative chlorine bleach products.

A method for producing a sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystal powder includes drying wet sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals with a gas until the moisture content of the crystals reaches 2.5% by weight or lower. The gas may have a temperature of less than 25 C., a dew point of 2 C. or lower, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 250 ppm to 1600 ppm. The wet sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals may have a sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.01% by weight or higher.

A method for producing a sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystal powder includes drying wet sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals with a gas until the moisture content of the crystals reaches 2.5% by weight or lower. The gas may have a temperature of less than 25 C., a dew point of 2 C. or lower, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 250 ppm to 1600 ppm. The wet sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals may have a sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.01% by weight or higher.

Methods for analyzing a fluid sample can include providing a sensor comprising a non-conductive housing and having a first face and an electrode array mounted in the first face. The method can include disposing the first face of the housing into a fluid sample to be analyzed, selecting a mode of operation, and initiating sensor operation. Modes of operation can include electrochemical operation and conductivity analysis, and can be selected via positioning a switch. The method can include receiving information from the sensor regarding at least one parameter of the fluid. Such parameters can include a concentration of a target constituent in the fluid sample, combined concentrations of different species within the fluid sample, and/or information indicative of the conductivity of the fluid sample.

To provide a method and an apparatus for producing a sodium hypochlorite solution on-site at a high efficiency and at the initial cost and suppressing operating cost without any problems about impurities derived from raw material water and raw salt. A method of producing a sodium hypochlorite solution on-site in the vicinity of a physical plant where a sodium hypochlorite solution is used. In production of a sodium hypochlorite solution by feeding secondary salt water, in an electrolyzer comparted into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber with an ion-exchange membrane, to the anode chamber and allowing components in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber after electrolysis to react in a reaction tank, there are included respective steps of treating raw material water A with a cation-exchange resin B to generate purified water 5, dissolving raw salt D in the purified water to generate primary salt water E, performing an examination for confirming the presence or absence of a precipitate or suspended solid in the primary salt water, and directly performing chelating in the case of no precipitate or suspended solid contained in the primary salt water, or performing chelating after addition of an acid component for dissolution of the precipitate or suspended solid in the case of the precipitate or suspended solid contained therein, to generate secondary salt water 4.

Methods for analyzing a fluid sample can include providing a sensor comprising a non-conductive housing and having a first face and an electrode array mounted in the first face. The method can include disposing the first face of the housing into a fluid sample to be analyzed, selecting a mode of operation, and initiating sensor operation. Modes of operation can include electrochemical operation and conductivity analysis, and can be selected via positioning a switch. The method can include receiving information from the sensor regarding at least one parameter of the fluid. Such parameters can include a concentration of a target constituent in the fluid sample, combined concentrations of different species within the fluid sample, and/or information indicative of the conductivity of the fluid sample.