A carbonized material, a device for removing ozone, and a method for removing ozone are provided. The carbonized material has at least a carbonyl-containing group, alkylol group, and carbon having sp.sup.2 hybrid orbital. In particular, the at least one carbonyl-containing group has a carbon content from 10 atom % to 30 atom %, based on the total carbon atoms of the at least one carbonyl-containing group, the at least one alkylol group, and the at least one carbon having sp.sup.2 hybrid orbital.

A zero-emission, closed-loop and hybrid solar-produced syngas power cycle is introduced utilizing an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The fuel is syngas produced within the cycle. The separated oxygen inside the OTR through the ion transport membrane (ITM) is used in the syngas-oxygen combustion process in the permeate side of the OTR. The combustion products in the permeate side of the OTR are CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The combustion gases are used in a turbine for power production and energy utilization then a condenser is used to separate H.sub.2O from CO.sub.2. CO.sub.2 is compressed to the feed side of the OTR. H.sub.2O is evaporated after separation from CO.sub.2 and fed to the feed side of the OTR.

The present invention relates to a composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source selected from chlorates and perchlorates, to an oxygen generator comprising such a composition, and a method for generating oxygen by decomposing such a composition. The present invention further relates to the use of transition metal ortho-phosphate compounds ortho-vanadate compounds and mixed ortho-phosphate-vanadate compounds as multifunctional components in the oxygen generating compositions.

A device for generating oxygen comprising at least one reaction chamber for housing a composition for generating oxygen, the composition comprising a combination of constituents consisting of at least one oxygen source, at least one ionic liquid, and at least one metal oxide compound, means for maintaining at least one of the oxygen source, the ionic liquid and the metal oxide compound physically separated from the remaining constituents, means for establishing physical contact of the oxygen source, the ionic liquid and the metal oxide compound, and means for allowing oxygen to exit the reaction chamber, wherein the metal oxide compound is an oxide of a single metal or of two or more different metals, said metal(s) being selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements, and wherein the oxygen source comprises a peroxide compound.

The novel sorbents for capturing acid and greenhouse gases converts red mud into a sorbent material that can be used to remove acid and greenhouse gases, utilizing a series of chemical reactions. The first set of reactions entail sorption of the acid/greenhouse gases and subsequent neutralization by the alkali content of the red mud. The salts generated by the neutralization reactions decompose to release the acid gases which are immediately converted to environmentally benign elemental products (N2, O2, S) by thermo-catalytic reactions. In a different set of reactions, the alkaline earth oxides (CaO and MgO) present in the sorbent capture the acid/greenhouse gases and convert them to nitrate, nitrite, carbonate and sulfite salts. The salts (beside carbonate) decompose to yield the acid gases which are converted to elemental products by thermo-catalytic reactions. The loaded sorbents are thermally regenerated to the oxide forms for re-capturing the gases.

A degassing chamber for an ozone solution system includes a cylindrical housing defining a cavity. A mixture of water and ozone gas is delivered to the cavity, the mixture containing excess ozone gas. A cylindrical float is positioned centrally within the cavity to rise in accordance with the mixture column within the cavity. A piston is connected to move in accordance with the float. When the mixture level rises above a threshold, the piston the piston moves upward and seals an ozone outlet. As a pressure of ozone gas in the degassing chamber increases, the float is forced downward causing the piston to open a channel to an upper ozone outlet through which excess ozone gas is released. After removal of excess ozone gas, a mixture of water and ozone gas is output from the degassing chamber which is suitable for use as a general purpose cleaner.

A composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source includes at least one ionic liquid, and at least one metal salt, wherein the oxygen source comprises a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from 10 C. to +50 C., and the metal salt has an organic and/or an inorganic anion, and comprises one single metal or two or more different metals. The present invention also relates to methods for generating oxygen, and to the use of ionic liquids in oxygen generating compositions.

An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.

Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO.sub.2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO.sub.2.sup.+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O.sub.2.sup.+ and O.sub.2.sup.? ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO.sub.2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO.sub.2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO.sub.2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO.sub.2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

A flow sensing ozone converter includes an inlet housing, an outlet housing, and a central housing. The inlet housing defines a first pressure port. The outlet housing defines a second pressure port. The central housing extends between a second end of the inlet housing and a first end of the outlet housing.