The present invention relates to a self-assembled composite of carbon nitride and graphene oxide, and in particular, to including a self-assembled composite prepared by heat treating a mixed solution dissolving melamine, tri-thiocyanuric acid and graphene oxide (GO) in a positive electrode of a lithium-sulfur battery to suppress elution of lithium polysulfide. According to the present invention, the self-assembled composite containing a pyridinic group in large quantities and having improved conductivity adsorbs lithium polysulfide eluted from a positive electrode during charge and discharge and performs a role of preventing diffusion of the lithium polysulfide, and therefore, lithium-sulfur battery capacity and lifecycle properties can be enhanced by suppressing a shuttle reaction.

The present invention is concerned with a method of direct synthesis of co-products of at a first co-product and a second co-product. The first co-product is superhydrophilic carbon nitride thin film and the second co-product is superhydrophilic carbon nitride powder. The method has a step of using a guanidine carbonate salt as a precursor material. The present invention is also concerned with carbon nitride co-products. The carbon nitride co-products has a first co-product of superhydrophilic carbon nitride thin film and a second co-product of superhydrophilic carbon nitride powder. The superhydrophilic carbon nitride thin film has chemical formula of CN.sub.x, wherein x is 0.86-1.04, and the superhydrophilic carbon nitride powder has a chemical formula of g-C.sub.3N.sub.4.

The present invention is directed to crystalline solids having an empirical formula of M.sub.2A.sub.2X, wherein M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, preferably Cr, Hf, Sc, Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, V, Zr, or a combination thereof; wherein A is Al, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, or Sn, or a combination thereof; and each X is C.sub.xN.sub.y, where x+y=1. In some particular embodiments, the crystalline composition has a unit cell stoichiometry of Mo.sub.2Ga.sub.2C.

A negative active material and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same, the negative active material including a core including a carbon material; and a carbon nitride on a surface of the core, and the rechargeable lithium battery including a negative electrode including the negative active material; a positive electrode; and an electrolyte.

The present invention provides a C.sub.3N.sub.4 having a cubic crystal system and a method for producing same.

Apparatus and methods of use thereof for the production of carbon-based and other nanostructures, as well as fuels and reformed products, are provided.

The invention discloses a composite material used for catalyzing and degrading nitrogen oxide and its preparation method and application thereof. The invention of the hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide composite-polymer carbonized nanofiber material is prepared as follow: 1) the preparation of silica nanospheres; 2) the preparation of hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanospheres; 3) the preparation of graphene oxide; 4) the preparation of surface modified hollow g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 nanoparticles preparation; 5) the preparation of composites; 6) the preparation of composite-polymer carbon nanofiber material. The raw materials used in the process is low cost and easy to get; the operation of the invention is simple and convenient without the use of expensive equipment in the whole process; the composite has high adsorption efficiency of ppb level nitrogen oxide with good repeatability.

In some aspects and embodiments, the present application provides a wide range of porous 1-D polymeric graphitic carbon-nitride materials that are atomically doped with binary metals in different morphologies. In some embodiments, the graphitic carbon-nitride materials can be prepared with high mass production from inexpensive and natural abundant precursors. In some embodiments, the materials were used successfully for the oxidation of CO to CO.sub.2 under ambient reaction temperature in addition to the reduction of CO.sub.2 into hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the materials can be used for practical and large-scale gas conversion for household or industrial applications.

Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgOY.sub.2O.sub.3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

An organic solar cell device is provided, including a first electrode, a photoactive layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode that are stacked successively. The photoactive layer includes an electron receptor material and an electron donor material. The electron receptor material is graphene nitride that forms a foamy film on the first electrode and has a three-dimensional network structure. A part of the electron donor material permeates into the graphene nitride, and a part of the electron donor material is enriched on a side of the hole transport layer to form an electron donor enriched layer.