Inter-allotropic transformations of carbon are provided using moderate conditions including alternating voltage pulses and modest temperature elevation. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes are transformed into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, and multi-layered graphene nanoribbons.

Hot pressing hollow carbon nanoparticles results in a nano-carbon foam that can be used for energy storage, carbon dioxide capture or water desalination.

The objective of the present teaching is to provide a porous material including carbon nanohorns. The porous material includes carbon nanohorns and has a predetermined three-dimensional shape.

Provided are a scroll preparing method using a two-dimensional material and a scroll prepared thereby. The scroll preparing method comprises preparing a two-dimensional material. The two-dimensional material is scrolled by providing an amphiphilic substance having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion on the two-dimensional material. As a result, a scroll composite including the amphiphilic substance disposed inside a scroll structure is formed.

Provided are a scroll preparing method using a two-dimensional material and a scroll prepared thereby. The scroll preparing method comprises preparing a two-dimensional material. The two-dimensional material is scrolled by providing an amphiphilic substance having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion on the two-dimensional material. As a result, a scroll composite including the amphiphilic substance disposed inside a scroll structure is formed.

A method for producing carbon nanotubes and/or fibers, such as carbon nanotubes, involves sparging a gas (such as carbon dioxide) through a liquid hydrocarbon (such as crude oil) in the presence of an effective amount of metal oxide particles (such as MgO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, and/or SiO.sub.2 nanoparticles having a size in the range from about 2 nm to about 10 microns, and which may have a bimodal particle size distribution) at a temperature in a range of between about 70 to about 350° C. to produce carbon nanotubes and fibers having a size range of from about 50 nm to about 20 microns.

Provided are a carbon structure, a method of manufacturing the carbon structure, and an energy storage device having the carbon structure. According to the method of manufacturing the carbon structure, a reaction solution containing a catalyst and an organic solvent containing an aromatic compound is provided. Plasma is generated in the reaction solution, thereby forming a crystalline carbon structure.

A graphene product obtained from Graphene Nanofibers (GNFs), having a modified crystal structure and a defined size distribution. The product is non toxic and has useful biological properties such as modification of the adipocytes phenotype. The product can be used in cosmetics.

In order to provide a means for industrially producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB), a production member is used which is a combination of a plurality of carbon targets containing a metal catalyst selected from Fe, Ni, Co or a single substance or a mixture of these two or three substances capable of generating carbon nanohorn aggregates including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate by laser irradiation, and a target fixing jig for fixing the carbon target, wherein the target fixing jig has a plurality of grooves for fixing the target to a plate-shaped member, the carbon target has a thickness of a height equal to or greater than the top surface of the fixing jig from the groove, and the width of the carbon target is larger than the size of the spot of the laser beam in the width direction.

In order to provide a means for industrially producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB), a production member is used which is a combination of a plurality of carbon targets containing a metal catalyst selected from Fe, Ni, Co or a single substance or a mixture of these two or three substances capable of generating carbon nanohorn aggregates including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate by laser irradiation, and a target fixing jig for fixing the carbon target, wherein the target fixing jig has a plurality of grooves for fixing the target to a plate-shaped member, the carbon target has a thickness of a height equal to or greater than the top surface of the fixing jig from the groove, and the width of the carbon target is larger than the size of the spot of the laser beam in the width direction.