A preparation method and secondary dispersion of monodisperse aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution and its application in cellular biomarking are provided. Preparation method comprise: mixing purified Nanodiamond powder with ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, placing the mixture in a ball mill for dry ball milling, washing the ball-milled mixture with deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and centrifuging to obtain the monodispersed aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution. Secondary dispersion process comprising: drying aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution to obtain aminated Nanodiamond powder, re-dispersing the powder in DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide), deionized water, ethanol, DMF (dimethylformamide) or other solvents with ultrasonic or shearing processing. The aminated Nanodiamond has high yield and good monodispersity. The preparation method is simple to operate, no special requirements on reaction equipment, no inert gas atmosphere is required in the whole reaction process and it is easy to be industrialized. The aminated Nanodiamond can be applied to cellular biomarking.

A preparation method and secondary dispersion of monodisperse aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution and its application in cellular biomarking are provided. Preparation method comprise: mixing purified Nanodiamond powder with ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, placing the mixture in a ball mill for dry ball milling, washing the ball-milled mixture with deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and centrifuging to obtain the monodispersed aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution. Secondary dispersion process comprising: drying aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution to obtain aminated Nanodiamond powder, re-dispersing the powder in DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide), deionized water, ethanol, DMF (dimethylformamide) or other solvents with ultrasonic or shearing processing. The aminated Nanodiamond has high yield and good monodispersity. The preparation method is simple to operate, no special requirements on reaction equipment, no inert gas atmosphere is required in the whole reaction process and it is easy to be industrialized. The aminated Nanodiamond can be applied to cellular biomarking.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure is described. The method comprises forming at least one mandrel on a substrate, the at least one mandrel comprising a diamond-like carbon and having a top and two opposing sidewalls, the diamond-like carbon comprising at least 40% sp.sup.3 hybridized carbon atoms. The mandrel may be used in Self-Aligned Multiple Patterning (SAMP) processes.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure is described. The method comprises forming at least one mandrel on a substrate, the at least one mandrel comprising a diamond-like carbon and having a top and two opposing sidewalls, the diamond-like carbon comprising at least 40% sp.sup.3 hybridized carbon atoms. The mandrel may be used in Self-Aligned Multiple Patterning (SAMP) processes.

A diamond crystal substrate has a substrate surface that is one crystal plane among (100), (111), and (110) and that has atomic steps and terraces structure at an off-angle of 7 or less excluding 0.

The diamond particle according to the present invention has an ionic conductivity Di represented by the following expression of 0.8 mS/m or lower:

Di=DsDw

wherein Ds represents an ionic conductivity of an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving-out in a pressure cooker test carried out according to IEC68-2-66; and Dw represents an ionic conductivity of distilled water.

A method of fabricating one or more colour centres in a crystal is described. The method comprises focusing a laser into a crystal to induce the creation, modification, or diffusion of defects within a focal region of the laser. Fluorescence detection is used to determine when one or more colour centres are formed within the focal region and the laser is terminated when a desired number of colour centres have been formed. The method enables colour centres to be formed in a crystal with a high degree of control in terms of both the number and location of colour centres within the crystal, and a degree of control over other parameters such as colour centre orientation and local environment. In particular, it is possible to form a well-defined pattern of colour centres within a crystal.

Disclosed is a method of irradiating a composition having water and hydrogen-terminated nanodiamonds with light that generates water-solvated electrons from the nanodiamonds. The method can be used to degrade fluoroalkyl compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate.

Disclosed is a method of irradiating a composition having water and hydrogen-terminated nanodiamonds with light that generates water-solvated electrons from the nanodiamonds. The method can be used to degrade fluoroalkyl compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate.

The present disclosure relates a method of purifying diamond by removing carbon contaminants from diamond grains in the diamond by a plasma cleaning process at a temperature at which metal inclusion contaminants in the diamond grains crack the diamond grains from within, and removing metal contaminants from the diamond in a chemical or electrochemical cleaning process.