A process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen by introducing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel, and performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature, wherein (a) no catalyst is present in vessel (b) gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, a hydrogen and an oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the vessel in separate feed streams, (c) the hydrogen and oxygen rich gas stream being introduced in close vicinity of each other, via burner comprising coaxial channels wherein gases gas undergo a combustion reaction, providing the heating energy required for the reverse water-gas shift reaction; and (d) the temperature in vessel is in the range of 1000 to 1500° C. by varying the molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.

It is useful in reducing the carbon footprint of certain industrial technologies, and in production of synthesis gas.

A method for determining temperature information for a plurality of tubes in a furnace where one or more digital images provide temperature information for imaged tubes, and temperature information for non-imaged tubes is determined from the temperature information for the imaged tubes and measured temperatures of combined effluent from the imaged and non-imaged tubes.

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its H.sub.2S content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size.

In some embodiments, a system for producing liquid fuel from landfill gas includes a tri-reformer that receives landfill gas and produces synthesis gas having a H.sub.2:CO ratio of approximately 2:1, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reformer that receives the synthesis gas from the tri-reformer and produces liquid fuel.

The present invention relates to a method for hydrogen production and to a method of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production from syngas. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) separating at least part of hydrogen from the stream yielding a hydrogen-depleted stream, (iii) subjecting the hydrogen-depleted stream to a water-gas shift reaction, and (iv) separating hydrogen from the stream resulting from step (iii). The method according to the invention improves the conversion of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reaction and allows to increase the hydrogen production by 10-15% and to increase the overall energy efficiency of the system by 5-7%. The invention further relates to a plant for hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide production suitable for the method of the invention.

The invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons with steam, and for separation of carbon dioxide. The process includes one endothermic and one autothermal reforming step for production of a synthesis gas stream, wherein heat generated in the autothermal reforming step is utilized for heating in the endothermic reforming step. The process also includes a step of converting the synthesis gas stream obtained for enrichment with hydrogen, a step of separating the hydrogen thus prepared by pressure swing adsorption, and a step of separation of carbon dioxide from the residual gas obtained in the pressure swing adsorption. The reforming units for the endothermal and autothermal reforming steps are arranged parallel to one another or in series.

To provide a fuel cell device capable of extending the years of service life of a reformer by suppressing thermal runaways. The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell device, including a fuel cell module having fuel cell units; a reformer disposed above the fuel cell units, for producing hydrogen by a partial oxidation reforming reaction and a steam reforming reaction; a vaporizing chamber disposed adjacent to the reformer; a combustion chamber for heating the vaporization chamber; a water supply device; an electrical generation oxidant gas supply device; and a controller for raising the fuel cell units to a temperature at which electrical generation is possible; whereby over the entire period of the startup step, the reforming oxidant gas supply device and water supply device are controlled so that partial oxidation reforming reactions do not occur independently in the reformer.

Provided is a hydrogen production apparatus enabling reduction of energy needed for separation and collection of CO.sub.2 in the hydrogen production. The hydrogen production apparatus includes a reformer, a heating device heating the reformer, a transformer, a hydrogen separation device separating and taking out hydrogen from transformed gas, a CO.sub.2 separation device separating and taking out CO.sub.2 from off-gas from which hydrogen was separated by the hydrogen separation device, a heat collecting device collecting heat of the reformed gas, heat of the transformed gas, and waste heat from the heating device, and a heat medium supply device supplying the heat medium having absorbed heat collected by the heat collecting device to the CO.sub.2 separation device. The absorption liquid having absorbed CO.sub.2 in off-gas is heated by the heat medium heated with collected heat, thereby releasing CO.sub.2.

A process for recovering oil and gas from an underground formation by injecting an ammonia containing enhanced oil recovery formulation into the oil-bearing formation, which process comprises (i) reacting steam with methane containing gas, (ii) combining the reaction mixture obtained with further steam, (iii) removing carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen, (iv) reacting at least part of the hydrogen with nitrogen, (v) separating off ammonia, (vi) mixing ammonia with water and injecting it into the underground formation, (vii) recovering oil and gas, (viii) separating methane from the fluid recovered from the recovery well, (ix) removing sulfur compounds, and (ix) using in step (i) the methane obtained in step (viii).

An autothermal reforming catalytic structure for generating hydrogen gas from liquid hydrocarbons, steam and an oxygen source. The autothermal reforming catalytic structure includes a support structure and nanosized mixed metal oxide particles dispersed homogenously throughout the support structure.