Methods and systems for producing hydrogen substantially without greenhouse gas emissions, the method including producing a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon fuel source; separating hydrogen from the product gas to create a hydrogen product stream and a byproduct stream; injecting the byproduct stream into a reservoir containing mafic rock; and allowing components of the byproduct stream to react in situ with components of the mafic rock to precipitate and store components of the byproduct stream in the reservoir.

The invention relates to a process for removal of metal carbonyl from a gas mixture. The gas mixture is subjected to a gas scrubbing in an absorber with methanol as the physical scrubbing liquid to obtain the laden methanol. The metals of the metal carbonyls are at least partially precipitated from the laden methanol as metal sulfides to obtain a first suspension comprising metal sulfides and at least a proportion of the laden methanol. The first suspension is sent to a treatment vessel and therein brought into direct contact with water vapor in countercurrent to obtain a second suspension comprising at least water, methanol and metal sulfides and a gaseous product. The second suspension and the gaseous product are withdrawn from the treatment vessel as separate streams.

A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising reacting, via OCM, first reactant mixture (CH.sub.4&O.sub.2) in first reaction zone comprising OCM catalyst to produce first product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO.sub.2, CO, and unreacted methane; introducing second reactant mixture comprising first product mixture to second reaction zone excluding catalyst to produce second product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO.sub.2, and unreacted methane, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first and second reaction zones, wherein ethane of second reactant mixture undergoes cracking to ethylene, wherein CO.sub.2 of second reactant mixture undergoes hydrogenation to CO, and wherein an amount of ethylene in the second product mixture is greater than in the first product mixture; recovering methane stream, ethane stream, CO.sub.2 stream, ethylene stream, and syngas stream (CO&H.sub.2) from the second product mixture; and recycling the ethane stream and the carbon dioxide stream to second reaction zone.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; sequentially removing ammoniacal, sulphurous and carbon dioxide impurities from the raw synthesis gas to form desulphurised gas and recovering carbon dioxide in substantially pure form; converting at least a portion of the desulphurised synthesis gas to a useful product. Despite having selected a more energy intensive sub-process i.e. physical absorption for removal of acid gas impurities, the overall power requirement of the facility is lower on account of lower steam requirements and thereby leading to a decrease in the carbon intensity score for the facility.

Organic sulfur compounds contained in refinery off gas streams having either high or low concentrations of olefins are converted to hydrogen sulfides which can be then be removed using conventional amine treating systems. The process uses a catalytic reactor with or without a hydrotreater depending on the olefin concentration of the off gas stream. The catalytic reactor operates in a hydrogenation mode or an oxidation mode to convert a majority of organic sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfides.

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process comprising the steps of: —Reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, —Shifting the synthesis gas in one in or more shift steps in series, —Optionally wash the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water, —Sending the process condensate originating from cooling and washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section to a process condensate stripper wherein the dissolved shift byproducts and dissolved gases are stripped out of the process condensate using steam resulting in a steam stream containing more than 99% of the dissolved methanol in process condensate. —Adding all or part of said steam stream from the process condensate stripper to the synthesis gas downstream the reforming step, prior to the last shift step, wherein —The steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step and the shift step is less than 2.6.

Proposed is a process and a plant for production of pure carbon monoxide and hydrogen by steam reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane or naphtha, to afford a raw synthesis gas and subsequent, multistage workup, purification and fractionation of the raw synthesis gas to afford the target products, wherein the material streams obtained as by-products of the process chain are also to be advantageously utilized. This is achieved according to the invention by providing the recirculating compressor provided for recycling of the by-product material streams with a plurality of parallel, independently operable compressor stages.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

A method is described for revamping an ammonia production facility said ammonia production facility having a front end comprising one or more reformers fed with a hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate and a high-temperature shift reactor fed with a reformed gas obtained from said one or more reformers and containing a fixed bed of iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst, said front end operating at a first steam-to-carbon ratio and a first pressure drop, said method comprising the steps of (i) replacing the iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst with a low-steam water-gas shift catalyst to form a modified front end, (ii) operating the modified front end at a second steam-to-carbon ratio and a second pressure drop, wherein the second steam-to-carbon ratio is at least 0.2 less than the first steam-to-carbon ratio and the second pressure drop is less than the first pressure drop, and (iii) increasing the hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate to said one or more reformers.

A process for preparing ammonia or ammonia and urea in a facility may involve compressing a crude synthesis gas stream that includes hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, washing a substream of the crude synthesis gas with ammonia to form a purified synthesis gas stream depleted of carbon dioxide and a condensate, synthesizing ammonia from the purified synthesis gas stream, and synthesizing urea from the condensate to form an aqueous urea composition. In the preparation of ammonia and urea, the crude synthesis gas stream may be, after being compressed, divided into a first synthesis gas substream and a second synthesis gas substream. In some instances, only the first synthesis gas substream is scrubbed with liquid ammonia.