The present invention describes an improved catalytic reactor system with an improved catalyst that transforms CO.sub.2 and low carbon H.sub.2 into low-carbon syngas with greater than an 80% CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, resulting in the reduction of plant capital and operating costs compared to processes described in the current art. The inside surface of the adiabatic catalytic reactors is lined with an insulating, non-reactive surface which does not react with the syngas and effect catalyst performance. The improved catalyst is robust, has a high CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.

Process control parameters for production of hydrogen and FT products by steam/CO2 reforming include controlling steam reformer temperature, addition of steam, CO and optionally, biogas. Optimization of parameters have resulted in increased production of H.sub.2, removal of sulfur and halogen contaminants, and control of the H.sub.2/CO ratio for efficient generation of Fischer-Tropsch products.

A process for the production of syngas, the process comprising (i) reacting at least a portion of carbon dioxide with hydrogen within an initial reactor to produce an initial product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen; and (ii) reacting at least a portion of the unreacted carbon dioxide and unreacted hydrogen within a reactor downstream of the first reactor to thereby produce a product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen.

The system includes a methane reformer, a combined cycle power generator, and a switch. The reformer is configured to react methane with steam. The combined cycle power generator includes a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a power generator, and a water boiler. The steam turbine is configured to rotate in response to receiving steam. The gas turbine is configured to rotate in response to receiving a mixture of fuel and air. The power generator is configured to convert rotational energy from the steam turbine and the gas turbine into electricity. In a first position, the switch is configured to direct exhaust from the gas turbine to the reformer, thereby providing heat to the reformer. In a second position, the switch is configured to direct exhaust from the gas turbine to the water boiler, thereby providing heat to the water boiler to generate steam.

A syngas generator is disclosed as an exothermic gas generator that can accommodate high combustion temperatures of a natural gas/oxygen flame. The generator consists of four sections: a heavily insulated combustion chamber, a catalyst chamber, a spray chamber, and a heat exchanger. These four sections may be arranged in series and tightly bolted together to form a gas-tight system. Natural gas, oxygen and steam are supplied to a burner at the inlet end of the combustion chamber. This mixture is ignited and the resulting hot process gas is then fed into a catalyst bed where it reacts with the steam and is converted to carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas). The syngas is fed to a Fischer-Tropsch unit to create liquid fuel.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Methods for reducing or reusing emissions and waste from oil and gas processing facilities are described. Specifically, emission and waste streams can be partially oxidized before being treated in a modified syngas fermentation process with parallel bioreactors to produce commodity chemicals of commercial importance while lowering greenhouse gas emissions. At least one bioreactor is online at all times, offline reactors being emptied to collect product and recharged for use.

A high-pressure steam stream produced from the waste heat recovery system of a syngas producing unit may be superheated and then supplied to a steam turbine in a hydrocarbon production plant to produce an expanded steam stream and shaft power. A portion of the expanded stream can be fed into the reforming reactor in the syngas producing unit. The shaft power can be used to drive compressors and pumps in an olefins production plant. Considerable energy efficiency and capital investment savings can be realized by such steam integration compared to running the olefins production plant separately.

The present invention is generally directed to processes and systems for the purification and conversion of CO.sub.2 into low-carbon or zero-carbon high quality fuels and chemicals using renewable energy. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing a stream comprising at least 90 mol % CO.sub.2. In certain cases, the CO.sub.2 stream is processed to make low carbon fuels and chemicals. In this process at least a portion of the CO.sub.2 is reacted with a stream comprising H.sub.2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.