There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

In a process for steam reforming of oxygenates, especially at low steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratios, a feed gas containing oxygenates, such as ethanol, is converted into syngas over a ternary carbide catalyst. Then the reformed gas is either transformed into desired chemicals or mixed into the feed stream to the reformer in a plant, such as an ammonia or methanol plant. The preferred ternary carbide is nickel zinc carbide.

The present invention relates to a revamp method for increasing the front-end capacity of a plant comprising a reforming section, wherein a feed is reformed in at least one reforming step to a reformed stream comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O a shift section wherein the reformed stream is shifted in a shift reaction in at least a high temperature shift step,
said method comprising the steps of In the High temperature shift step exchanging an original Fe-based catalyst with a non-Fe-based catalyst Increasing the feed flow to the reforming section, and The HTS step is carried out at a reduced steam/dry-gas ratio (S/DG) compared to an original S/DG in the original HTS step with the original Fe-based catalyst.

In a process for steam reforming of oxygenates, especially at low steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratios, a feed gas containing oxygenates, such as ethanol, is converted into syngas over a ternary carbide catalyst. Then the reformed gas is either transformed into desired chemicals or mixed into the feed stream to the reformer in a plant, such as an ammonia or methanol plant. The preferred ternary carbide is nickel zinc carbide.

The system includes a methane reformer, a combined cycle power generator, and a switch. The reformer is configured to react methane with steam. The combined cycle power generator includes a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a power generator, and a water boiler. The steam turbine is configured to rotate in response to receiving steam. The gas turbine is configured to rotate in response to receiving a mixture of fuel and air. The power generator is configured to convert rotational energy from the steam turbine and the gas turbine into electricity. In a first position, the switch is configured to direct exhaust from the gas turbine to the reformer, thereby providing heat to the reformer. In a second position, the switch is configured to direct exhaust from the gas turbine to the water boiler, thereby providing heat to the water boiler to generate steam.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

A method for improving a reforming process by using renewable electrical energy as a heating input to the reforming process is provided. The method includes partially preheating combustion air using a first electrical heater, wherein the first electrical heater is configured to be supplied with the renewable electrical energy generated by a renewable source, wherein the first electrical heater is integrated in between a cold air preheater and a hot air preheater of a process plant that performs the reforming process; utilizing, by the first electrical heater, a bad based on an availability of the renewable electrical energy received from the renewable source; and providing, by the first electrical heater, the preheated combustion air at an outlet of the first electrical heater to a boiler of the process plant based on the bad utilized by the first electrical heater.

Disclosed herein is a method of producing hydrogen, the method comprising: receiving a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons; performing one or more reforming processes on the feed gas so as to generate a reformed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; performing a water-gas-shift process on the reformed gas so as to generate a shifted gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; performing a hydrogen separation process and a carbon dioxide separation process on the shifted gas to thereby generate separate streams of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and a rest gas; and the method further comprises recycling at least part of the rest gas by feeding at least part of the rest gas back into one or more of the one or more reforming processes, the water-gas-shift process, the hydrogen separation process and the carbon dioxide separation process; wherein the portion of the rest gas that is recycled is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90%.

A reforming process comprising for production of a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas with a thermally integrated gas turbine engine wherein the hot exhaust gas of the gas turbine engine is the heat source for preheating one or more process streams of the reforming process.

A hydrogen release and storage system (100) of the present invention includes a first hydrogen release and storage unit (100A) composed of a first hydrogen compound member (101A), a first container (102A) that accommodates the first hydrogen compound member (101A), a first heating apparatus (103A) configured to heat an inside of the first container (102A), a first cooling apparatus (104A) configured to cool the inside of the first container (102A), a first water supply apparatus (105A) configured to supply water to the first container (102A), a second hydrogen release and storage unit (100B) composed of a second hydrogen compound member (101B), a second container (102B) that accommodates the second hydrogen compound member (101B), a second heating apparatus (103B) configured to heat an inside of the second container (102B), a second cooling apparatus (104B) configured to cool the inside of the second container (102B) and a second water supply apparatus (105B) configured to supply water to the second container (102B).