Clean, safe, and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various waste sources into a Clean Fuel Gas, Char, and Biochar are provided. The process further converts the Clean Fuel Gas into both a purified hydrogen source for green ammonia production and natural gas. The methods process waste sources to effectively separate, neutralize and/or destroy halogens and other hazardous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas, Char and/or Biochar, which can then further be processed to extract and purify hydrogen for green ammonia production from the Clean Fuel Gas and thereby provide natural gas. The Clean Fuel Gas is a natural and renewable natural gas as it is continually produced and further available for use to provide energy and new products.

A method for heating a feed of natural gas, used as feed for a steam reformer of an ammonia production system, wherein the system comprises a steam reformer, operably connected to a heat recovery unit comprising at least two heating coils maintained at a different temperature, wherein the feed of natural gas passes through the at least two heating coils, the method comprising: a) recovering heat in the heat recovery unit from the ammonia production system and b) exchanging at least part of the heat recovered in step a) with at least a portion of the feed of natural gas, thereby obtaining a heated feed of natural gas, wherein the feed of natural gas does not comprise steam.

Electrochemical cells for the production of hydrogen from liquid fuels and methods of operating the cells to produce hydrogen and electricity are provided. The electrochemical cells are solid state cells that incorporate a thermochemical conversion catalyst and a hydrogen oxidation catalyst into the anode and utilize solid acid electrolytes. This cell design integrates thermally driven chemical conversion of a starting fuel with electrochemical removal of hydrogen from the conversion reaction zone.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

Offshore systems and methods may be configured for oil production, offshore power generation, ammonia production, and carbon dioxide injection for EOR. For example, a method performed on an offshore facility may include: separating a produced hydrocarbon into a produced gas and a produced oil; combusting the produced gas to produce power and a flue gas; at least partially removing nitrogen from the flue gas to produce a carbon dioxide-enriched flue gas and a nitrogen-enriched flue gas; reforming a portion of the produced gas to produce a stream including hydrogen and carbon dioxide; at least partially separating the carbon dioxide from the stream to yield a carbon dioxide stream and a hydrogen stream; reacting the hydrogen stream and the nitrogen-enriched flue gas to yield ammonia; combining and compressing the carbon dioxide stream and the carbon dioxide-enriched flue gas; and injecting the compressed gas from the gas compressor into the gas reservoir.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

There are provided systems and methods for using fuel-rich partial oxidation to produce an end product from waste gases, such as flare gas. In an embodiment, the system and method use air-breathing piston engines and turbine engines for the fuel-rich partial oxidation of the flare gas to form synthesis gas, and reactors to convert the synthesis gas into the end product. In an embodiment the end product is methanol.

A process for the combined production of methanol and ammonia, wherein a reactant stream includes carbon monoxide is supplied to a recovery assembly to obtain first and second hydrogen-containing streams, each having an increased molar proportion of hydrogen compared to the reactant stream. The recovery assembly includes a shift conversion in which the carbon monoxide of at least one carbon monoxide-containing stream is at least partially converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reaction with steam to obtain a converted stream having hydrogen and carbon dioxide at least partially recycled to a hydrogen recovery from which the first and second hydrogen-containing streams are obtained. A nitrogen stream and, at least partially, the first hydrogen-containing stream are supplied to an ammonia reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into ammonia and, at least partially, the second hydrogen-containing stream is supplied to a methanol reactor assembly for at least partial conversion into the methanol.