A system and method for temperature control in an oxygen transport membrane based reactor is provided. The system and method involves introducing a specific quantity of cooling air or trim air in between stages in a multistage oxygen transport membrane based reactor or furnace to maintain generally consistent surface temperatures of the oxygen transport membrane elements and associated reactors. The associated reactors may include reforming reactors, boilers or process gas heaters.

A system and a method for producing hydrogen are provided. An exemplary method for producing hydrogen. The method includes desulfurizing a natural gas stream to form a sweet gas stream, converting higher hydrocarbons in the sweet gas stream to methane to form a methane stream, converting a portion of the methane in the methane stream to a syngas stream in a membrane reformer, and separating a portion of hydrogen from the syngas stream as a permeate stream from the membrane reformer. The retentate stream from the membrane reformer is fed to an autothermal reformer to form an oxidized stream. The membrane reformer is heated with the oxidizer stream.

A thermochemical system and method for thermochemical decomposition of a hydrocarbon feedstock such as methane or natural gas within an insulated volume where the important elements of the thermochemical system are located within the insulated volume. The insulated volume contains a heater and a thermal energy storage medium in thermal communication with the heater such that it is heated by the heater and stores the thermal energy it receives by a heat storage process. The thermal energy storage medium is also configured to release the thermal energy that it stored in the form of a released heat. The insulated volume also contains a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor thermally coupled with the thermal energy storage medium to receive the released heat and use it for driving pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce pyrolysis products containing primarily hydrogen and a solid carbon product. Pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon feedstock is driven at a high temperature, such as between 700 C. and 2,000 C.

Processes for controlling liquid organic hydrogen carrier processes are described. The processes include flow control of hydrogen as the primary variable with toluene make-up based on reactor conditions. Make-up hydrogen gas is provided via a flow controller which can be adjusted by the operator. A pressure controller on the separator is used to adjust the temperature at the reactors with a temperature controller. The inlet temperature to the reactors is maintained by heat exchangers, such as steam generators. The reaction conditions are monitored by temperature measurement and the inlet and/or the outlet of the reactor. When hydrogen feed rates are adjusted, the unit operations must increase or reduce the toluene to balance this situation. A differential temperature controller is used to reset the toluene flowrate to the reactor to achieve the desired processing objective.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

A system and method for production of hydrogen from natural gas using a solar powered system are provided. An exemplary solar powered system includes a feed stream including methane and a solar concentrator reactor (SCR) to form hydrogen from the feed stream by pyrolysis. The SCR includes a rotating tubular reactor, a solar absorber material disposed on the rotating tubular reactor, a solar concentrator to focus sunlight on the rotating tubular reactor, and a gas-solid filtration unit to separate solid carbon from the hydrogen. The solar powered system includes a storage tank to hold the hydrogen.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of methane and/or other hydrocarbons to hydrogen by pyrolysis while reducing or minimizing production of carbon oxides. The conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen is performed in one or more pyrolysis or conversion reactors that contain a plurality of sequential fluidized beds. The fluidized beds are arranged so that the coke particles forming the fluidized bed move in a counter-current direction relative to the gas phase flow of feed (e.g., methane) and/or product (H.sub.2) in the fluidized beds. By using a plurality of sequential fluidized beds, the heat transfer and management benefits of fluidized beds can be realized while also at least partially achieving the improved reaction rates that are associated with a plug flow or moving bed reactor.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

Proposed is a carbon dioxide reforming (CDR) reactor having a multilayered catalyst layer arrangement for preventing catalyst deactivation, wherein, in the reactor in which a CDR reaction for reacting methane (CH.sub.4) with carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) to reform the methane into a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) is performed, in order to prevent a case where an endothermic reaction between a catalyst and heated reactant gas supplied to the reactor gradually causes the temperature of the reactant gas to decrease and the catalyst is deactivated by cokes generated due to the decrease in temperature of the reactant gas, CDR catalysts in the reactor are arranged in multiple layers in a multilayered structure to allow the reactant gas temperature that has decreased due to the endothermic reaction to be restored in spaces between the catalyst layers.

Disclosed are a plasmonic nano-alloy photothermal-coupled methane dry reforming catalyst, a preparation method therefor, and application thereof, wherein the catalyst includes a ternary nano metal component and a magnesium-aluminum spinel, and can be used for directly converting greenhouse gases to fuel. The catalyst can absorb ultraviolet-visible light irradiated by an external xenon lamp in a photothermal reactor, and use thermal radiation to reach a temperature required for a thermal catalysis, thereby achieving higher solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency. Due to extremely high solar spectrum absorptivity, the catalyst has excellent performance, and is capable of using the visible light band to excite a plasmonic effect to pre-activate gas molecules 10 for the reaction, thereby reducing apparent activation energy under direct lighting, inhibiting the complete cracking of methane and avoiding the formation of carbon deposition, such that the stability of the methane dry reforming reaction and efficiency of the reaction are improved.