A plant for the production of synthetic fuels, in particular jet fuel (kerosene), crude petrol and/or diesel, includes: a) a synthesis gas production unit for the production of a raw synthesis gas from methane, water and carbon dioxide, the synthesis gas production unit having at least one reaction section in which methane, water and carbon dioxide react to form the raw synthesis gas, and at least one heat generation section in which the heat necessary for the reaction of methane and carbon dioxide to produce the raw synthesis gas is generated by burning fuel to form flue gas, b) a separation unit for separating carbon dioxide from the raw synthesis gas produced in the synthesis gas production unit, c) a Fischer-Tropsch unit for the production of hydrocarbons by a Fischer-Tropsch process from the synthesis gas from which carbon dioxide has been separated in the separation unit, and d) a refining unit for refining the hydrocarbons produced in the Fischer-Tropsch unit into synthetic fuels,
the plant further comprising e .sub.1) a separation unit for separating carbon dioxide from the flue gas discharged from the synthesis gas production unit via the flue gas discharge line and/or e .sub.2) a flue gas return line which is connected to the heat generation section of the synthesis gas production unit, wherein i) the carbon dioxide separated from flue gas or the flue gas itself via the flue gas return line and ii) the carbon dioxide separated from the raw synthesis gas are either fed directly to the synthesis gas production unit or first fed to a carbon dioxide compression unit and from there fed to the synthesis gas production unit, with the unit also having an electrolysis unit for separating water into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the electrolysis unit has a water feed line, an oxygen discharge line and a hydrogen discharge line, and wherein from the oxygen discharge line a line leads into the oxygen-containing gas feed line to the synthesis gas production unit.

A system and method for oxygen transport membrane enhanced Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC) is provided. The oxygen transport membrane enhanced IGCC system is configured to generate electric power and optionally produce a fuel/liquid product from coal-derived synthesis gas or a mixture of coal-derived synthesis gas and natural gas derived synthesis gas.

Methods and systems for making ammonia are provided. The method can include converting carbon monoxide in a first syngas to carbon dioxide to produce a shifted syngas. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide can be separated from the shifted syngas to produce a carbon dioxide-lean syngas. Carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-lean syngas can be converted to methane to produce a methanated first syngas. A second syngas can be separated to produce a purified second syngas and a waste gas. The methanated first syngas and the purified second syngas can be combined to produce an ammonia feedstock. The ammonia feedstock can have a hydrogen to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3.5:1 to about 2.5:1. At least a portion of the hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia feedstock can be reacted to produce an ammonia product.

Process for the production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbon feed containing higher hydrocarbons comprising by-passing a portion of the hydrocarbon feed around a first pre-reforming stage and passing the pre-reformed and bypassed portions through at least a second pre-reforming stage.

A process for generating a syngas from a CO.sub.2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas, wherein a CO.sub.2-rich and hydrocarbon-containing feed gas is provided and is reacted in a syngas generation step by means of partial oxidation or steam reforming to give an H.sub.2- and CO-comprising syngas. At least CO.sub.2 is removed from the feed gas in a scrubbing of the feed gas by means of a scrubbing medium, before the feed gas is fed to the syngas generation step.

A fuel cell module (includes a first area where an exhaust gas combustor and a start-up combustor are provided, an annular second area around the first area and where a reformer and a heat exchanger are provided, and an annular third area around the second area and where an evaporator is provided. Second circumscribed non-uniform-flow suppression plates are provided along the minimum circumscribed circles which contact outer surfaces of heat exchange pipes of the heat exchanger.

A hydrogen production system and a method for producing hydrogen that may minimize carbon dioxide emissions of an overall process by combining a steam-methane reformation process with a combined steam-carbon reformation process, and using a feed controller to appropriately control flow rates of steam and hydrocarbon gas feed input to the combined steam-carbon reformation process based on a composition and a flow rate of off-gas input from the steam-methane reformation process to the combined steam-carbon reformation process.

The disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus arranged and designed for converting non-methane hydrocarbon gases into multiple product gas streams including a predominately hydrogen gas stream and a predominately methane gas steam. Hydrocarbon gas streams are reformed, cracked, or converted into a synthesis gas stream and methane gas stream by receiving a volume of flare gas or other hydrocarbon liquid or gas feed, where the volume of hydrocarbon feed includes a volume of methane and a volume of nonmethane hydrocarbons. The hydrogen contained in the syngas may be separated into a pure hydrogen gas stream. A corresponding gas conversion system can include a super heater to provide a hydrocarbon feed/steam mixture, a heavy hydrocarbon reactor for synthesis gas formation, and a hydrogen separator to recover the hydrogen portion of the synthesis gas.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia (NH.sub.3). A heater may heat reformers and NH.sub.3 reforming catalysts therein. NH.sub.3 may be directed to the reformers from storage tanks, and the NH.sub.3 may be decomposed to generate a reformate stream comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and nitrogen (N.sub.2). At least part of the reformate stream may be used to heat the reformers.

A method is described for retrofitting a hydrogen production unit, said hydrogen production unit having, a purification unit that separates the hydrogen-enriched gas into a hydrogen product stream and an off-gas stream, said method comprising the steps of: (a) installing a gas-heated reformer, and installing a carbon dioxide removal unit; (b) feeding a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam the gas-heated reformer, (c) combining the gas recovered with a second gas recovered and using the combined synthesis gas to heat reformer tubes in the gas-heated reformer; (d) recovering a cooled gas and passing the cooled gas to the water gas shift unit; (e) feeding the gas to the carbon dioxide removal unit to produce a carbon dioxide stream and a crude hydrogen stream, and; (f) passing the crude hydrogen stream to the purification unit. The invention further includes a process and system for producing hydrogen using the production unit.