The system comprises a steam reforming unit to produce hydrogen from exhaust gas supplied, a hydrogen permeable membrane to allow only hydrogen produced by the steam reforming unit to pass through it, a hydrogen storage unit to absorb hydrogen supplied through the hydrogen permeable membrane and release absorbed hydrogen, a fuel cell to generate power using hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage unit, a gas clean-up unit to clean up residual gases delivered not passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, and a control unit to control the hydrogen storage unit to absorb or release hydrogen depending on whether the fuel cell is supplied with sufficient hydrogen.

Methods and systems for generating electricity from a fuel are generally described. In some embodiments, a first container is used to house a fluid that is capable of reacting to form a fuel, and a second container is used to house a reactant capable of reacting with the fluid to form the fuel. In some embodiments, valves are used to control the flow of fluid between the first container and the second container. In some embodiments, the valve(s) can be configured such that fluid is only transported between the first container and the second container when the pressure within the second container is below a threshold level.

A fuel tank for storing a hydrogen liquid carrier and a spent hydrogen liquid carrier includes a substantially rigid exterior tank wall including a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is fluidly disconnected from the second chamber, and the second chamber includes a dynamically expandable and contractible enclosure, the enclosure being configured to define a dynamic boundary between the hydrogen liquid carrier and spent hydrogen liquid carrier. The fuel tank also includes a first channel in flow communication with one of the first chamber or the second chamber and a second channel in flow communication with another of the first chamber or the second chamber, wherein the first channel and the second channel are flow connected such that a flow through one of the first or second channels is returned to the another of the first or second channels, and that during the flow, the dynamic boundary changes position causing a change in a volume of the second chamber.

A modular device for generating hydrogen gas from a hydrogen liquid carrier may include a housing;

an inlet for receiving the hydrogen liquid carrier; and at least one cartridge arranged within the housing. The cartridge may include at least one catalyst configured to cause a release of hydrogen gas when exposed to the hydrogen liquid carrier. The modular device may include a gas outlet for expelling the hydrogen gas released in the modular device and a liquid outlet for expelling spent hydrogen liquid carrier.

A reaction chamber for generating hydrogen gas using a hydrogen liquid carrier line may include a channel including a catalyst for causing the hydrogen gas to be produced from a hydrogen liquid carrier, the channel including an inlet end for the hydrogen liquid carrier and an outlet end for a spent carrier. The reaction chamber may also include a valve for controlling a rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier flowing through the channel; a gas outlet for evacuating the hydrogen gas generated in the channel; and at least one processor configured to receive at least one indicator of a demand for the hydrogen gas and to control the valve to adjust the rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier to meet the demand for the hydrogen gas.

A hydrogen-producing device is provided which can start up without receiving an energy supply from the outside. This hydrogen-producing device 1 is provided with an input unit 11 which is connected to a hydrogen source 41, a reformer 12 which produces a hydrogen-containing gas, a hydrogen storage container 13, a fuel battery 15 which generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas, and a control unit 18. The hydrogen storage container 13 is connected to a fuel hydrogen supply path 16 for supplying hydrogen to the fuel battery 15, and to an external supply path 17 which supplies hydrogen to an external load 42. The control unit 18 stores a threshold value of the hydrogen-containing gas necessary for start-up of the fuel battery 15, and controls the amount stored in the hydrogen storage container 13 to be greater than or equal to the amount necessary for start-up of the fuel battery 15. Further, when starting up the hydrogen-producing device, the fuel battery 15 generates power by receiving a supply of the hydrogen-containing gas stored in the hydrogen storage container 13 and supplies power to the reformer 12 from a power supply path 30. The reformer 12 starts up and hydrogen is produced.

Provided is a hydrogen gas aspirator which can be carried by a user and freely carried by the user, and which can be supplied with hydrogen gas by adjusting concentrations of the aspirator. The hydrogen gas aspirator for generating and aspirating hydrogen gas includes: a first hydrogen gas aspirator body having at least a hollow interior; a second hydrogen gas aspirator body having an aspirator hollow layer and an aspirator hollow layer connected to each other by a low pressure check valve; and a variable pressure control valve capable of adjusting and passing hydrogen gas concentrations between the first and second hydrogen gas aspirator bodies, wherein substances that hydrogen generate and react by contacting water and water for reaction can be placed on the aspirator hollow layer inside the second hydrogen gas aspirator body.

Methods and systems are disclosed that monitor the carbon and hydrogen production of a pyrolysis reactor system and adjust one or more inputs to the reactor system to improve performance when one or both of the monitored carbon and hydrogen production falls outside of a target performance specification. In particular, the ratio of fuel to oxidant (fuel/oxidant ratio) supplied to a combustion chamber of the reactor system is adjusted to below a fuel/oxidant equivalence ratio range, defined as 0.9-1.1, when both carbon and hydrogen production falls below a target carbon and hydrogen specification, and adjusted above the fuel/oxidant equivalence ratio range when only the carbon production falls below a target carbon specification. The target specification can include a number of parameters including production rate, morphology (of carbon), and operating temperature.

Methods and systems are disclosed that monitor the carbon and hydrogen production of a pyrolysis reactor system and adjust one or more inputs to the reactor system to improve performance when one or both of the monitored carbon and hydrogen production falls outside of a target performance specification. In particular, the ratio of fuel to oxidant (fuel/oxidant ratio) supplied to a combustion chamber of the reactor system is adjusted to below a fuel/oxidant equivalence ratio range, defined as 0.9-1.1, when both carbon and hydrogen production falls below a target carbon and hydrogen specification, and adjusted above the fuel/oxidant equivalence ratio range when only the carbon production falls below a target carbon specification. The target specification can include a number of parameters including production rate, morphology (of carbon), and operating temperature.

A system and method for producing hydrogen gas. The system comprises at least one reformer reactor, at least one separator, at least one separator transport line, at least one regenerator reactor, at least one regenerator transport line and at least one recycling line. The reformer reactor is for containing a CO.sub.2 capturing sorbent A forming a used sorbent A*, wherein the reformer reactor is configured to allow reform of a feed material B and a steam C to produce a reformate gas mixture comprising H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2. The reformer reactor comprising a reformer inlet for feeding at least one of B and C into the reformer reactor and a reformer outlet for ejecting A* and H.sub.2. A separator configured to separate A* from H.sub.2. The separator comprising a separator inlet for feeding H.sub.2 and A* into the separator and a separator outlet for ejecting the separated A *. A separator transport line for transporting A* and H.sub.2 from the reformer outlet to the separator inlet. The regenerator reactor comprising a regenerator inlet for receiving at least a portion of A* separated in the separator. A regenerator power source configured to provide sufficient energy to the received A* for allowing release of CO.sub.2, thereby regenerating the sorbent. A regenerator outlet for ejecting the regenerated sorbent. A regenerator transport line for transporting the flow of A* from the separator outlet to the regenerator inlet. A recycling line arranged to transport at least a portion of the regenerated sorbent from the regenerator outlet into the reformer reactor. The regenerator transport line comprises a flow regulating device arranged to adjust the flow rate of A* being transported into the regenerator inlet.