A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilizing said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilized hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO.sub.2; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.

Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO.sub.2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). At least a portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust can be recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO.sub.2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells can be operated.

Methods of separating CO.sub.2 from a hydrogen synthesis product stream to produce a CO.sub.2 depleted hydrogen stream are provided. Aspects of the methods include combining the hydrogen synthesis product stream with a capture liquid and a cation source in a manner sufficient to produce a CO.sub.2 sequestering solid and separate CO.sub.2 from the hydrogen synthesis product stream to produce the CO.sub.2 depleted hydrogen stream. Also provided are systems for practicing the methods.

A method for pyrolysing a methane-rich stream to produce hydrogen and a solid carbon intermediate. The solid carbon intermediate may then be transported to a second location to be gasified to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the latter of which may be sequestered at the second location. Because the solid carbon intermediate may be transported more easily than carbon dioxide, this allows the decoupling of hydrogen production from carbon dioxide sequestration.

The invention relates to a plant and a method for the production of decarbonised hydrogen using carbonate, water, gas containing hydrocarbons and electricity. The plant 100 first of all comprises an electric calciner 10, a contactor 20, an apparatus for correcting the pH 30 and a metering device 40. The plant 100 is suitable for receiving electrical energy, carbonate, water, natural gas at its input and for releasing decarbonised hydrogen at its outlet and an alkaline water rich in bicarbonates which, once released into the sea, represents the permanent storage for CO.sub.2. The plant 100 uses bicarbonates as permanent storage of CO.sub.2 in the sea: this storage allows the production of decarbonised hydrogen at low costs and in modular plants.

The present invention relates to net-zero hydrogen plants and methods of operating said plants having a lower cost and much larger scale compared to electrolysis driven plants utilized to produce green hydrogen.

A purpose of the present invention is to provide a pumpless high-pressure hydrogen supply system capable of supplying high-pressure hydrogen to a fuel cell vehicle, etc., when needed without using a compressor or the like, and a method for the system. The present invention relates to a high-pressure hydrogen supply system that obtains a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide by dehydrogenation of formic acid using a complex catalyst, separates the hydrogen therefrom, and supplies the hydrogen at a pressure of 5 MPa or more. By obtaining the mixed gas at a pressure of 5 MPa or more by dehydrogenation and cooling the mixed gas by a separator while maintaining this pressure at 0.4 MPa or more, gas components other than hydrogen are phase separated as liquids or solids and removed. The separated hydrogen is raised in purity by pressure fluctuation adsorption, continuously sent to a pressure accumulator, and stored at a pressure of 70 MPa or more.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating a molten carbonate fuel cell assembly at increased power density. This can be accomplished in part by performing an effective amount of an endothermic reaction within the fuel cell stack in an integrated manner. This can allow for increased power density while still maintaining a desired temperature differential within the fuel cell assembly.

This invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam comprising: A stage for the production of a synthesis gas in a unit for the steam-reforming of the hydrocarbon feedstock, A stage for shift conversion with steam of the synthesis gas that is obtained in the preceding stage producing a hydrogen stream that contains methane and carbon dioxide, A stage for recovering carbon dioxide and methane, present in the stream that is obtained in the shift conversion stage, in the form of hydrates that produce a stream of pure hydrogen, A stage for regeneration of methane, A stage for recycling methane to steam reforming.