Disclosed herein is a system and method for sulphur-assisted carbon capture and utilization. The system includes a sulphur depolarized electrolyser (SDE) for receiving electricity, H.sub.2O and SO.sub.2 and for electrolysing the H.sub.2O and SO.sub.2 to produce hydrogen and sulphuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4), a decomposition reactor for receiving and decomposing the H.sub.2SO.sub.4 into SO.sub.3 and H.sub.2O, wherein the H.sub.2O is recycled to the SDE, a sulphur submerged combustor for converting the SO.sub.3 to SO.sub.2 and producing S.sub.n vapor, a sulphur power plant for combusting S.sub.n vapor to produce SO.sub.2, electricity and heat and for supplying the SO.sub.2 and the electricity to the SDE and for supplying the heat to the decomposition reactor. The hydrogen is delivered to a carbon capture and utilization facility. An optional Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) regenerable system removes SO.sub.2 from flue gas, a CO.sub.2 converter generates COS, and a separator separates the COS from the flue gas.

Disclosed herein is a system and method for sulphur-assisted carbon capture and utilization. The system includes a sulphur depolarized electrolyser (SDE) for receiving electricity, H.sub.2O and SO.sub.2 and for electrolysing the H.sub.2O and SO.sub.2 to produce hydrogen and sulphuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4), a decomposition reactor for receiving and decomposing the H.sub.2SO.sub.4 into SO.sub.3 and H.sub.2O, wherein the H.sub.2O is recycled to the SDE, a sulphur submerged combustor for converting the SO.sub.3 to SO.sub.2 and producing S.sub.n vapor, a sulphur power plant for combusting S.sub.n vapor to produce SO.sub.2, electricity and heat and for supplying the SO.sub.2 and the electricity to the SDE and for supplying the heat to the decomposition reactor. The hydrogen is delivered to a carbon capture and utilization facility. An optional Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) regenerable system removes SO.sub.2 from flue gas, a CO.sub.2 converter generates COS, and a separator separates the COS from the flue gas.

The invention is directed to kits, compositions, tools and methods comprising a cyclic industrial process to form biocement. In particular, the invention is directed to materials and methods for decomposing calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature, reacting calcium oxide with ammonium chloride to form calcium chloride, water, and ammonia gas; and reacting ammonia gas and carbon dioxide at high pressure to form urea and water, which are then utilized to form biocement. This cyclic process can be achieved by combining industrial processes with the resulting product as biocement. The process may involve retention of calcium carbonate currently utilized in the manufacture of Portland Cement.

The present disclosure relates to ruthenium promoter catalyst compositions. The ruthenium promoter catalyst compositions comprise ruthenium metal species, an oxide support material, and a promoter species independently selected from the group consisting of La, Rb, Y, Yb, K, Cs, and Ba, or hydroxides, nitrates or oxides thereof. The present disclosure also relates to various methods, processes, systems, membranes and/or reactors, which can utilise the ruthenium promoter catalyst compositions, for example in ammonia synthesis.

An ammonia manufacturing apparatus includes: an electrochemical reaction unit including a first electrolytic bath for accommodating a first electrolytic solution, an oxidation electrode disposed in the first electrolytic bath, a second electrolytic bath for accommodating a second electrolytic solution containing nitrogen, an ammonia producing catalyst, and a reducing agent, a reduction electrode disposed in the second electrolytic bath, and a diaphragm, and configured to reduce nitrogen by the ammonia producing catalyst and the reducing agent in the second electrolytic bath to produce ammonia, and reduce the reducing agent oxidized due to the production of ammonia, at the reduction electrode by connecting the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode to a power supply; a nitrogen supply unit including a nitrogen supply part for dissolving nitrogen in the second electrolytic solution; and an ammonia separation unit including a separation part configured to separate ammonia from the second electrolytic solution.

A plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift.

A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.

The ammonia synthesis system of the present invention includes an ammonia synthesis reaction unit (10) that synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen; an ammonia cooler (20) that cools an ammonia-containing gas discharged from the ammonia synthesis reaction unit (10); a gas-liquid separator (30) that separates ammonia liquefied by the ammonia cooler (20) from a circulated gas; and an ammonia synthesizing gas supplying unit (40) that supplies nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, the circulated gas being supplied to the ammonia synthesis reaction unit, the circulated gas supplied to the ammonia synthesis unit having an ammonia gas concentration of 3% by volume or more. The method for producing ammonia of the present invention includes reacting nitrogen and hydrogen using a circulated gas having an ammonia gas concentration of 3% by volume or more and using an ammonia synthesis catalyst under a condition of a reaction pressure of 10 MPa or less to produce ammonia. The present invention can provide an ammonia synthesis system and an ammonia production method in which an energy required for producing ammonia is reduced.

A method for producing methanol is disclosed. The method includes supplying a high oxygen content oxidant to combust hydrocarbons, in particular methane, and then using the resulting hot gases to heat natural gas so as to convert the natural gas to synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is used to produce methanol in a methanol synthesis reactor. At least some of the carbon dioxide from the hot gases is fed to the methanol synthesis reactor to make methanol.

A method for producing methanol is disclosed. The method includes supplying a high oxygen content oxidant to combust hydrocarbons, in particular methane, and then using the resulting hot gases to heat natural gas so as to convert the natural gas to synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is used to produce methanol in a methanol synthesis reactor. At least some of the carbon dioxide from the hot gases is fed to the methanol synthesis reactor to make methanol.