The present invention generally relates to a process of fabricating an asymmetric supercapacitors device comprising synthesizing a BaO and CeO.sub.2 thin film as a first electrode using a one-step successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method for uniform deposition and adhesion on a conductive substrate; synthesizing an activated carbon (AC) electrode as a second electrode; formulating a solid-state electrolyte layer comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer is formed as a gel; assembling the device by layering the first electrode, the solid-state electrolyte layer, and the second electrode in a stacked configuration, wherein the assembled device is allowed to stabilize for a period of 12-24 hours at room temperature to ensure uniform distribution of the electrolyte and structural integrity; and pressing the assembled layers together to enhance contact between electrodes and the electrolyte.

The present invention generally relates to a process of fabricating an asymmetric supercapacitors device comprising synthesizing a BaO and CeO.sub.2 thin film as a first electrode using a one-step successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method for uniform deposition and adhesion on a conductive substrate; synthesizing an activated carbon (AC) electrode as a second electrode; formulating a solid-state electrolyte layer comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer is formed as a gel; assembling the device by layering the first electrode, the solid-state electrolyte layer, and the second electrode in a stacked configuration, wherein the assembled device is allowed to stabilize for a period of 12-24 hours at room temperature to ensure uniform distribution of the electrolyte and structural integrity; and pressing the assembled layers together to enhance contact between electrodes and the electrolyte.

The invention provides a catalyst capable of effectively oxidizing an exhaust gas (particularly NO). The invention relates to an oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification including a catalyst layer containing platinum, palladium, and a cerium-aluminum composite oxide or a cerium-aluminum composite oxide and an aluminum oxide, formed on a three-dimensional structure, in which the cerium-aluminum composite oxide contains Ce.sub.xAl.sub.yO.sub.z (where x>Y, x+y=1, and 1.95z2.05).

A composite oxide including a metal element represented by the composition of general formula: A.sub.nX.sub.y, where the composite oxide comprises an oxide of A and an oxide of X in a mixed state: A represents an element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, and a trivalent lanthanoid; X represents an element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba; n is 0<n<1; y is 0<y<1; and n+y=1. Also, a metal-supported material in which cobalt particles are supported on the composite oxide.

A composite oxide including a metal element represented by the composition of general formula: A.sub.nX.sub.y, where the composite oxide comprises an oxide of A and an oxide of X in a mixed state: A represents an element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, and a trivalent lanthanoid; X represents an element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba; n is 0<n<1; y is 0<y<1; and n+y=1. Also, a metal-supported material in which cobalt particles are supported on the composite oxide.

A reducing agent for use in production of a product gas containing carbon monoxide, the reducing agent being brought into contact with a raw material gas containing carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide to produce the product gas; the reducing agent containing a composite metal oxide represented by Ce.sub.1-x(M).sub.xO.sub.y, where M is a metal element with an ionic radius smaller than an ionic radius of Ce with an identical valence number and an identical coordination number, x represents a positive real number, and y represents a real number from 1 to 4. The reducing agent that has a high conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, and can be used, for example, in a chemical looping method, and a method for producing a gas using such a reducing agent.

A reducing agent for use in production of a product gas containing carbon monoxide, the reducing agent being brought into contact with a raw material gas containing carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide to produce the product gas; the reducing agent containing a composite metal oxide represented by Ce.sub.1-x(M).sub.xO.sub.y, where M is a metal element with an ionic radius smaller than an ionic radius of Ce with an identical valence number and an identical coordination number, x represents a positive real number, and y represents a real number from 1 to 4. The reducing agent that has a high conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, and can be used, for example, in a chemical looping method, and a method for producing a gas using such a reducing agent.

The present invention relates to aqueous solutions, methods of manufacturing the same and uses thereof. The aqueous solution comprises an alkaline earth metal added in the form of a water-soluble salt, manganese at least mainly present as a citrate complex of manganese having an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and optionally a lanthanide present in the form of a water soluble complex. The aqueous precursor solutions contain metals at appropriate stoichiometric ratios for producing films of complex inorganic metal oxides by Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD). The complex inorganic metal oxides can be used as memristor materials, and generally in microelectronic, magnetic, and spintronic devices, in solid oxide fuel cells, in magnetic refrigeration, and in the fields of biomedicine, and as catalysts.

The present invention relates to aqueous solutions, methods of manufacturing the same and uses thereof. The aqueous solution comprises an alkaline earth metal added in the form of a water-soluble salt, manganese at least mainly present as a citrate complex of manganese having an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and optionally a lanthanide present in the form of a water soluble complex. The aqueous precursor solutions contain metals at appropriate stoichiometric ratios for producing films of complex inorganic metal oxides by Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD). The complex inorganic metal oxides can be used as memristor materials, and generally in microelectronic, magnetic, and spintronic devices, in solid oxide fuel cells, in magnetic refrigeration, and in the fields of biomedicine, and as catalysts.

Disclosed are nanomaterials that are comprised of R.sub.xO.sub.yM.sup.1M.sup.2 clusters, where R is one or more lanthanides selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu, wherein O is oxygen and where M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are metallic components selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, or Cd, or a metal oxide of the foregoing transition metals.