A positive electrode active material precursor particle and/or a positive electrode active material particle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure include a core portion and a shell portion, the core portion includes nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al), the shell portion includes cobalt (Co), a mol % value of the nickel (Ni) of the core portion is greater than a mol % value of nickel (Ni) of the shell portion, a mol % value of the aluminum (Al) of the core portion is greater than a mol % value of aluminum (Al) of the shell portion, and a mol % value of the cobalt (Co) of the shell portion is greater than a mol % value of cobalt (Co) of the core portion.

An oxygen storage material including a compound of the formula: Ca.sub.2MnAlO.sub.5+ wherein 00.5 wherein the compound includes at least one dopant said dopant selected from alkaline earth ions at the Ca site, trivalent ions at the Al site, and 3d transition metal ions at the Mn site wherein the an oxygen release temperature or an oxygen storage temperature is modified in comparison to an un-doped Ca.sub.2MnAlO.sub.5+ material.

A single-crystalline LnBM.sub.2O.sub.5+ or LnBM.sub.2O.sub.5.5+ compound is provided, which includes an ordered oxygen vacancy structure; wherein Ln is a lanthanide, B is an alkali earth metal, M is a transition metal, O is oxygen, and 01. Methods of making and using the compound, and devices and compositions including same are also provided.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a solar absorber comprising light-absorbing multiscale fractal textured surfaces. The disclosure also relates to methods of making the same.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a solar absorber comprising light-absorbing multiscale fractal textured surfaces. The disclosure also relates to methods of making the same.

The proposed method relates to producing inorganic sorbents for extracting lithium from lithium-containing natural and industrial brines. The method consists of a plurality of sequential steps, which include contacting a mixture of a soluble manganese (II) salt and aluminum (III) salt with an alkali solution in the presence of an alkali metal permanganate to obtain a precipitate of a mixed hydrated manganese (III), manganese (IV), and aluminum (III) oxide. After multiple reactions and conversions of intermediate products of the mixed hydrated manganese (III), manganese (IV), and aluminum (III) oxide, the final product is obtained as an ion exchanger in the H-form of high selectivity to lithium.

The proposed method relates to producing inorganic sorbents for extracting lithium from lithium-containing natural and industrial brines. The method consists of a plurality of sequential steps, which include contacting a mixture of a soluble manganese (II) salt and aluminum (III) salt with an alkali solution in the presence of an alkali metal permanganate to obtain a precipitate of a mixed hydrated manganese (III), manganese (IV), and aluminum (III) oxide. After multiple reactions and conversions of intermediate products of the mixed hydrated manganese (III), manganese (IV), and aluminum (III) oxide, the final product is obtained as an ion exchanger in the H-form of high selectivity to lithium.

A spinel sorbent for adsorbing lithium ions from a liquid is provided. The sorbent has the general formula Li.sub.1 +xMn.sub.2yM1.sub.m1M2.sub.m2 . . . Mk.sub.mkO.sub.4+z, where M1, M2, . . . , Mk are cations different than lithium or manganese; m1, m2, . . . mk are each greater than or equal to 0; x can vary in the range of 0 and 1; y can vary in the range of 0.1 and 0.9; z can vary in the range of 2 and 1; where +m1+m2+ . . . +mk; and k is zero or a positive integer. The sorbent has a cubic close packed (CPP) lattice defining a interplanar distance y=x configured to allow passage of lithium ions through the interplanar distance and prevent passage of manganese through the interplanar distance; and has ion exchange sites configured to reversibly ion-exchange a lithium ion.

A spinel sorbent for adsorbing lithium ions from a liquid is provided. The sorbent has the general formula Li.sub.1 +xMn.sub.2yM1.sub.m1M2.sub.m2 . . . Mk.sub.mkO.sub.4+z, where M1, M2, . . . , Mk are cations different than lithium or manganese; m1, m2, . . . mk are each greater than or equal to 0; x can vary in the range of 0 and 1; y can vary in the range of 0.1 and 0.9; z can vary in the range of 2 and 1; where +m1+m2+ . . . +mk; and k is zero or a positive integer. The sorbent has a cubic close packed (CPP) lattice defining a interplanar distance y=x configured to allow passage of lithium ions through the interplanar distance and prevent passage of manganese through the interplanar distance; and has ion exchange sites configured to reversibly ion-exchange a lithium ion.