Secondary batteries using lithium cobalt oxide as positive electrode active materials have a problem of a decrease in battery capacity due to repeated charging/discharging, for example. A positive electrode active material particle which hardly deteriorates is provided. In a first step, a container in which a lithium oxide and a fluoride are set is placed in a heating furnace, and in a second step, the inside of the heating furnace is heated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The heating temperature of the second step is from 750° C. to 950° C., inclusive. By the manufacturing method, fluorine can be contained in the positive electrode active material particle to increase the wettability of the surface of the positive electrode active material so that the surface of the positive electrode active material is homogenized and planarized. The crystal structure of the thus manufactured positive electrode active material is unlikely to be broken in repeated high-voltage charging/discharging. Thus, secondary batteries using the positive electrode active material having such a feature have greatly improved cycle characteristics.

A positive electrode active material having a crystal structure that is unlikely to be broken by repeated charging and discharging is provided. A positive electrode active material with high charge and discharge capacity is provided. One embodiment of the present invention is a positive electrode active material containing lithium, cobalt, nickel, and oxygen; in which a molar ratio of lithium, cobalt, and nickel is lithium: cobalt: nickel=1:1−x: x (0.3<x<0.75); in which the average of a bond distance between cobalt and oxygen and a bond distance between nickel and oxygen is longer than or equal to 1.94×10.sup.−10 m and shorter than or equal to 2.1×10.sup.−10 m in a crystal structure of the positive electrode active material; and in which the average of an angle formed between a line connecting cobalt to an adjacent oxygen and a line connecting cobalt to another adjacent oxygen and an angle formed between a line connecting nickel to an adjacent oxygen and a line connecting nickel to another adjacent oxygen is greater than or equal to 86.5° and less than 90°.

Electromagnetic Electromagnetic wave absorbing particles including cesium tungsten oxide represented by a general formula Cs.sub.xW.sub.1-yO.sub.3-z (0.2≤x≤0.4, 0<y≤0.4, and 0<z≤0.46) and having an orthorhombic crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal structure are provided.

This positive electrode active substance for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a lithium-transition metal composite oxide which has a crystal structure belonging to the space group Fm-3m and is represented by the compositional formula Li.sub.xMn.sub.yM.sub.aO.sub.bF.sub.c (in the formula: M is at least one type of metal element excluding Mn; x+y+a=b+c=2; 1<x≤1.35; 0.4≤y≤0.9; 0≤a≤0.2; and 1.3≤b≤1.8). In addition, the lattice constant a of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is 4.09-4.16.

A dispersion body having excellent heat ray shielding properties and long-term high temperature stability, and a dispersion liquid for producing the dispersion body, wherein the dispersion liquid contains liquid medium, absorbing fine particles dispersed in the medium, and a phosphite ester compound, the absorbing fine particles are one or more kinds of oxide fine particles selected from tungsten oxide fine particles represented by a general formula WyOz, and the phosphite ester compound is a phosphite ester compound represented by the following predetermined structural formula, and an addition amount of the phosphite ester compound is more than 500 parts by mass and 50000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the absorbing fine particles.

A method of producing ceria nanocrystals is provided. The method includes providing a gas that includes ozone to a solution that includes a cerium salt, and obtaining ceria nanocrystals from the solution after the gas is provided to the first solution. A method of producing nanoparticles is provided. The method includes providing a gas that includes ozone to a solution that includes a metal salt that includes at least one of a transition metal or a lanthanide, and producing at least one of metal oxide nanoparticles, metal oxynitrate nanoparticles, or metal oxyhydroxide nanoparticles from the solution after the gas is provided to the solution.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n)m.sup.+[(MR′.sub.t).sub.sO.sub.yH.sub.qR.sub.z(X.sub.8W.sub.48+rO.sub.184+4r)].sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal cluster units, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in conversion of organic substrate.

A lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure, including at least lithium and an element X, wherein:the element X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, V, B, Si, S and P; the lithium metal composite oxide contains single particles and satisfies all of requirements (1) to (5):(1): a volume-based 50% cumulative particle size D.sub.50 of the lithium metal composite oxide is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less; (2): the single particles have, on at least a part of surfaces thereof, adhered fine particles, with the proviso that a maximum particle size of the adhered fine particles is smaller than a particle size of the single particles; (3): the particle size of the single particles is 0.2 to 1.5 times D.sub.50 of the lithium metal composite oxide; (4): a particle size of the adhered fine particles is 0.01 to 0.1 times the D.sub.50 of the lithium metal composite oxide; and (5): an average number of the adhered fine particles adhered per particle of the single particles is 1 or more and 30 or less as measured with respect to a range observable in an image obtained by scanning electron microscope.

An irreversible additive contained in a cathode material for a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the irreversible additive being an oxide represented by the following chemical formula 1, wherein the oxide has a trigonal crystal structure,

Li.sub.2+aNi.sub.1−bTi.sub.bO.sub.2+c   (1) in the above formula, −0.2≤a≤0.2, 0<b≤0.2, and 0≤c≤0.2.

The invention relates to Chevrel-phase materials and methods of preparing these materials utilizing a precursor approach. The Chevrel-phase materials are useful in assembling electrodes, e.g., cathodes, for use in electrochemical cells, such as rechargeable batteries. The Chevrel-phase materials have a general formula of Mo.sub.6Z.sub.8 (Z=sulfur) or Mo.sub.6Z.sup.1.sub.8-yZ.sup.2.sub.y (Z.sup.1=sulfur; Z.sup.2=selenium), and partially cuprated Cu.sub.1Mo.sub.6S.sub.8 as well as partially de-cuprated Cu.sub.1-xMg.sub.xMo.sub.6S.sub.8 and the precursors have a general formula of M.sub.xMo.sub.6Z.sub.8 or M.sub.xMo.sub.6Z.sup.1.sub.8-yZ.sup.2.sub.y, M=Cu. The cathode containing the Chevrel-phase material in accordance with the invention can be combined with a magnesium-containing anode and an electrolyte.