Filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and methods of synthesizing the same are provided. An in situ chemical vapor deposition technique can be used to synthesize CNTs filled with metal sulfide nanowires. The CNTs can be completely and continuously filled with the metal sulfide fillers up to several micrometers in length. The filled CNTs can be easily collected from the substrates used for synthesis using a simple ultrasonication method.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to a nitrogen atom of a secondary amine functional group including a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. The organometallic moieties may include a zirconium atom that is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the secondary amine functional group. The nitrogen atom of the secondary amine function group may bridge the zirconium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

Provided are methods of effecting cation exchange in MXene materials so as to stabilize the materials. Also provided are compositions, comprising layered MXene materials that comprise an organic cation between layers. Also provided are MXene compositions comprising a chalcogen disposed thereon, the MXene composition further optionally comprising a quaternary ammonium halide disposed thereon.

A functionalized fibrous hierarchical zeolite includes a framework comprising aluminum atoms, silicon atoms, and oxygen atoms, the framework further comprising a plurality of micropores and a plurality of mesopores. The functionalized fibrous hierarchical zeolite is functionalized with at least one terminal hydroxyl. Terminal organometallic functionalities are bonded to silicon atoms of the microporous framework, the terminal organometallic functionalities comprising a nickel atom.

A negative electrode material includes silicon-based particles and graphite particles. In a case that a D.sub.n50/D.sub.v50 ratio of the graphite particles is A and a D.sub.n50/D.sub.v50 ratio of the silicon-based particles is B, the following conditional expressions (1) to (3) are satisfied: 0.1≤A≤0.65 (1); 0.3≤B≤0.85 (2); and B>A (3), where, D.sub.v50 is a particle diameter of particles measured when a cumulative volume fraction in a volume-based distribution reaches 50%, and D.sub.n50 is a particle diameter of particles measured when a cumulative number fraction in a number-based distribution reaches 50%. The present invention further provides a negative electrode plate, a lithium-ion secondary battery or electrochemical device containing the negative electrode plate, and an electronic device containing the lithium-ion secondary battery and/or electrochemical device.

Provided is a synthetic single crystal diamond containing nitrogen atoms at a concentration of more than 600 ppm and 1500 ppm or less. The Raman shift λ′ (cm.sup.−1) of a peak in a primary Raman scattering spectrum of the synthetic single crystal diamond and the Raman shift λ (cm.sup.−1) of a peak in a primary Raman scattering spectrum of a synthetic type IIa single crystal diamond containing nitrogen atoms at a content of 1 ppm or less satisfy the following expression (1):
λ′−λ≥−0.10  (1).

A modified boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) comprising pendant hydroxyl (OH) and amino (NH.sub.2) functional groups covalently bonded to a surface of the BNNT. Aqueous and organic solutions of these modified BNNTs are disclosed, along with methods of producing the same. The modified BNNTs and their solutions can be used to coat substrates and to make nanocomposites.

A method for producing an LGPS-type solid electrolyte can be provided, the method includes preparing a homogeneous solution by mixing and reacting Li.sub.2S and P.sub.2S.sub.5 in an organic solution such that the molar ratio of Li.sub.2S/P.sub.2S.sub.5 is 1.0-1.85; forming a precipitate by adding, to the homogeneous solution, at least one MS.sub.2 (M is selected from the group consisting of Ge, Si, and Sn) and Li.sub.2S and then mixing; obtaining a precursor by removing the organic solution from the precipitate; and obtaining the LGPS-type solid electrolyte by heating the precursor at 200-700° C.

Systems and methods for direct recycling and upcycling of spent cathode materials using Flame-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis Technology (FAST). In illustrative embodiments, cathode layers are separated and collected from spent battery cells. The cathode laminate is ground to a powdered form and treated to remove contaminants by sifting into a hot stream of air which heats the powders, burning off contaminants. After cooling and particle collection, the powders may be dispersed into leaching solution to dissolve metal oxides and create an acid metal solution or ground into nano-sized primary particles and mixed with dispersing liquids to form a solution. The solution may be mixed with glycerol and additional metal salts to create a final precursor solution, which may undergo spray pyrolysis followed by drying and calcination to create cathode materials with high consistency and repeatability, or mixed with an alkaline metal salt solution and undergo electrodeposition to recover desired metal salts.

A process to produce graphene dual doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms through a reduction of graphene oxide by microorganisms. Also, graphene dual doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms obtainable by this process, and the use of the doped graphene to produce e.g. electronic components or water purification equipment. The process is eco-sustainable and economic with the additional advantage of providing a product with significantly improved performance compared to known products.