The present disclosure provides quantum dots and methods of making the quantum dots comprising a substantially homogeneous population of monomeric nanocrystals, of a very small size, about 7 nm to about 12 nm in diameter. The method comprises mixing a nanocrystal coated with weakly binding ligands or ions with a polymer in a solution and incubating at a temperature greater than about 100° C., thereby forming a quantum dot having a substantially homogenous population of monomeric nanocrystals. The quantum dots can be further conjugated to bioaffinity molecules, enabling broad utilization of compact, biofunctional quantum dots for studying crowded macromolecular environments.

This invention relates to a process for preparing nanoparticles of zirconium dioxide, ZrO.sub.2, by hydrothermal treatment of a zirconium IV compound in the presence of water, at a pH below 7, and at least one amino acid comprising at least 4 carbon atoms, said amino acid exhibiting an acid function to amine function ratio greater than or equal to 1. The invention also relates to zirconium dioxide nanoparticles having a visible transmittance greater than or equal to 20% at 400 nm and greater than or equal to 95% at 800 nm measured in water at a concentration of 40% by weight

In one embodiment of the present invention, provided are a method for producing indium tin oxide particles, including a step of obtaining a precursor solution including indium and tin by heating an indium carboxylate having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a tin carboxylate having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in a solvent including a carboxylic acid having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and a step of obtaining a reaction solution including indium tin oxide particles by adding dropwise the obtained precursor solution to a heated solvent including oleyl alcohol and linear alcohol having 14 to 18 carbon atoms, in which, in the solvent, a concentration A of the linear alcohol having 14 to 18 carbon atoms with respect to all solvents, in units of % by mass, and a concentration B of the oleyl alcohol with respect to all solvents, in units of % by mass, satisfy the expression 1; and a method for producing a curable composition.

A/(A+B)>0.062:  Expression 1

The present invention provides a composition having excellent development residue suppressibility. Moreover, also provided are a cured film, a color filter, a light shielding film, an optical element, a solid-state imaging element, a headlight unit, modified silica particles, and a method for producing modified silica particles. The composition according to the embodiment of the present invention contains modified silica particles and a polymerizable compound, in which the modified silica particles each contain a silica particle and a coating layer coating the silica particle, and the coating layer contains a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by General Formula (1).

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The present disclosure relates to a method that includes treating a liquid that includes a first precursor at a concentration C.sub.1, a second precursor at a concentration C.sub.2, a third precursor at a concentration C.sub.3, and an additive at a concentration C.sub.4, where the treating results in a perovskite, each of C.sub.1, C.sub.2, and C.sub.3 are between 0.001 M and 100 M, inclusively, and at least one of C.sub.4/C.sub.1 or C.sub.4/C.sub.2 equals a ratio greater than or equal to zero

The invention provides novel biocompatible upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) that comprises a core of cubic nanocrystals (e.g., comprising α-Na Ln.sub.a, Ln.sub.b Ln.sub.c F.sub.4) and an epitaxial shell (e.g., formed from CaF.sub.2; wherein Ln.sub.b is Yb), and related methods of preparation and uses thereof.

Proposed are copper sulfide nanoparticles having a core-shell structure included in a coating composition for blocking near-infrared light, and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, a method of manufacturing copper sulfide nanoparticles having a core-shell structure includes manufacturing CuS nanoparticles, manufacturing Cu.sub.2-xS nanoparticles by heating a mixed solution of the CuS nanoparticles, a reducing agent, and a solvent, and manufacturing Cu.sub.2-xS@Cu.sub.2-yO core-shell nanoparticles by heating a mixed solution of the Cu.sub.2-xS nanoparticles, an oxidizing agent, and a solvent.

Provided is a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for hydrocarbon oil, the catalyst comprising: an inorganic oxide carrier comprising Si, Ti and Al; and at least one metal component, carried on the inorganic oxide carrier, being selected from the group consisting of group 6 elements, group 8 elements, group 9 elements and group 10 elements, wherein the content of Al in the inorganic oxide carrier is 50% by mass or higher in terms of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; the content of Si therein is 1.0 to 10% by mass in terms of SiO.sub.2; and the content of Ti therein is 12 to 28% by mass in terms of TiO.sub.2; and in the inorganic oxide carrier, the absorption edge wavelength of an absorption peak from Ti is 364 nm or shorter as measured by ultraviolet spectroscopy.

Disclosed herein are porous electrochromic niobium oxide films comprising a plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals, wherein the plurality of niobium oxide nanocrystals comprise niobium oxide having a formula of NbO.sub.x where x represents the average Nb:O ratio in the niobium oxide and where x is from 2 to 2.6. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the porous electrochromic niobium oxide films, methods of use of the porous electrochromic niobium oxide films, and devices comprising the porous electrochromic niobium oxide films.

A composition can comprise a carrier including a liquid and an abrasive particulate contained in the carrier, the abrasive particulate having, on average, at least 10 wt % cerium oxide in the abrasive particulate and a cerium 3+ ratio (Ce 3+/total cerium) of at least 0.1. In another embodiment, a slurry composition can comprise a liquid carrier comprising water, cerium oxide particles, and free silicate ions, wherein a material removal rate when polishing a silicon oxide wafer can be is increased by at least 3% in comparison to a slurry composition not including free silicate ions.