An oxide includes a compound represented by Formula 1, a compound represented by Formula 2, or a combination thereof:

Li.sub.1−x+y−zTa.sub.2−xM.sub.xP.sub.1−yQ.sub.yO.sub.8−zX.sub.z  Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, M is an element having an oxidation number of 5+ or 6+, Q is an element having an oxidation number of 4+, X is a halogen atom, a pseudohalogen, or a combination thereof,
0≤x<0.6, 0≤y<1, and 0≤z<1, wherein x and y are not 0 at the same time,

Li.sub.1−x+yTa.sub.2−xM.sub.xP.sub.1−yQ.sub.yO.sub.8.zLiX  Formula 2

wherein, in Formula 2, M is an element having an oxidation number of 5+ or 6+, Q is an element having an oxidation number of 4+, X is a halogen atom, a pseudohalogen or a combination thereof, 0≤x<0.6, 0≤y<1, and 0≤z<1, wherein x and y are not 0 at the same time, and
wherein in Formulas 1 and 2, M, Q, x, y, and z are independently selected.

A method of forming a nanodiamond article includes forming a continuous film on a substrate using electrophoretic deposition. The continuous film includes greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume. A nanodiamond article includes a continuous film on a substrate having greater than 50% nanodiamond concentration by volume.

Bilayer structured hydrated Ca—V oxide is disclosed as a high capacity cathode for rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries, as well as methods for forming same to provide an improved cathode with significant improvements over existing cathode structures and materials.

An object of the present invention is to provide zirconium oxide nanoparticles that have excellent dispersibility in a polar solvent and are capable of increasing a core concentration in a dispersion liquid. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles according to the present invention are coated with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of R.sup.1—COOH, (R.sup.1O).sub.3-n—P(O)—(OH).sub.n, (R.sup.1).sub.3-n—P(O)—(OH).sub.n, (R.sup.1O)—S(O)(O)—(OH), R.sup.1—S(O)(O)—(OH), and (R.sup.1).sub.4-m—Si(R.sup.4).sub.m, wherein R.sup.1 represents a group comprising a carbon atom and at least one element selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom, and having the total number of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms of 8 or less; R.sup.4 represents a halogen atom or —OR.sup.2, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and n represents 1 or 2, and m represents an integer of 1 to 3.

A method embodiment involves preparing single metal or mixed transition metal chalcogenide using exfoliation of two or more different bulk transition metal dichalcogenides in a manner to form an intermediate hetero-layered transition metal chalcogenide structure, which can be treated to provide a single-phase transition metal chalcogenide.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite carbonate in a semi-dry manner by using combustion ash and, more specifically, provides a method for manufacturing a composite carbonate in a semi-dry manner by using combustion ash, the method comprising a step of adding a small amount of water to combustion ash containing calcium ions in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, carbon mineralization is carried out in a semi-dry manner by the manufacturing method, so that the composite carbonate can be efficiently produced. In addition, the composite carbonate can be utilized as a component for a concrete composition.

Provided is a method of making colloidal selenium nanoparticles. The method includes the steps as follows: Step (A): providing a reducing agent and an aqueous solution containing a selenium precursor; Step (B): mixing the aqueous solution containing the selenium precursor and the reducing agent to form a mixture solution in a reaction vessel and heating the mixture solution to undergo a reduction reaction and produce a composition containing selenium nanoparticles, residues and a gas, and guiding the gas out of the reaction vessel, wherein an amount of the residues is less than 20% by volume of the mixture solution; and Step (C): dispersing the selenium nanoparticles with a medium to obtain the colloidal selenium nanoparticles. The method has advantages of simplicity, safety, time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, high yield and eco-friendliness.

A solid electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1 or 3, the compound having a glass transition temperature of −30° C. or less, and a glass or glass-ceramic structure,

AQX-Ga.sub.1-zM.sub.z1(F.sub.1-kCl.sub.k).sub.3-3zZ.sub.3z1  Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, Q is Li or a combination of Li and Na, K, or a combination thereof, M is a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof, X is a halogen other than F, pseudohalogen, OH, or a combination thereof, Z is a monovalent anion, or a combination thereof, 1<A<5, 0≤z≤1, 0≤z1≤1, and 0≤k<1,

AQX-aM.sub.z1Z.sub.3z1-bGa.sub.1-z(F.sub.1-kCl.sub.k).sub.3-3z  Formula 3 wherein, in Formula 3, Q is Li or a combination of Li and Na, K, or a combination thereof; M is a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof, X is a halogen other than F, pseudohalogen, OH, or a combination thereof, Z is a monovalent anion, or a combination thereof, 0<a≤1, 0<b≤1, 0<a+b, a+b=4−A, 1<A<5, 0≤z<1, 0≤z1≤1, and 0≤k<1.

A lithium composite metal oxide powder contains at least Li, Ni, an element X and an element M. The element X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga and V. The element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Si, S and P. A ratio M/(Ni+X) which indicates the amount of the element M relative to the total amount of Ni and the element X exceeds 0 mol % but is not more than 5 mol %. The lithium composite metal oxide powder contains core particles and a coating substance. The coating substance contains a compound produced by reaction of the element M and lithium. A weight reduction percentage 1 when a thermogravimetric measurement is conducted under specific measurement conditions 1 is not more than 0.15 wt %.

A positive electrode material for a secondary battery and a method of making the same is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein the lithium composite transition metal oxide includes 60 mol % or more of the nickel (Ni) among metals excluding lithium, and a coating layer is formed on surfaces of particles of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, wherein the coating layer includes a lithium-polymer compound which is formed by a reaction of a lithium by-product with a polymer.