A positive electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode plate, a lithium-ion secondary battery, and a battery module, battery pack, and apparatus containing such lithium-ion secondary battery are disclosed. The positive electrode active material includes a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. In the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the number of moles of nickel accounts for 50% to 95% of the total number of moles of nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide has a layered crystal structure with a space group R3m. The lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide includes a doping element. When the positive electrode active material is in a 78% delithiated state, the doping element has two or more different valence states, and the amount of doping element in a highest valence state accounts for 40% to 90% of the total amount of doping element.

Described herein are low or no-cobalt materials useful as electrode active materials in a cathode for lithium or lithium-ion batteries. For example, compositions of matter are described herein, such as electrode active materials that can be incorporated into an electrode, such as a cathode. The disclosed electrode active materials exhibit high specific energy and voltage, and can also exhibit high rate capability and/or long operational lifetime.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon foams, processes for forming carbon foams, doped carbon composites, processes for forming doped carbon composites, and uses thereof, e.g., as electrodes. Processes described herein relate to fabrication of carbon foam and materials derived from the pyrolyzation of biomass at supercritical and subcritical conditions for CO.sub.2, N.sub.2, H.sub.2O, or combinations thereof. The process includes exposing biomass to CO.sub.2, N.sub.2, H.sub.2O, or combinations thereof under various parameters for temperature, pressure, heating rate and fluid flow rate. Silicon-carbon composites and sulfur-carbon composites for use as, e.g., electrodes, are also described.

The invention relates to a method for preparing synthetic mineral particles with formula (Al.sub.yM.sub.1-y).sub.2(Si.sub.xGe.sub.1-x).sub.2O.sub.5(OH).sub.4, wherein M designates at least one trivalent metal selected from the group made up of gallium and the rare earths, which comprises the following steps: preparing a gel which is a precursor of said synthetic mineral particles by a co-precipitation reaction of at least one salt of metal selected among aluminium and M with at least one silicon source selected from the group made up of potassium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate, potassium metagermanate and sodium metagermanate, the molar ratio of (Al.sub.yM.sub.1-y) to (Si.sub.xGe.sub.1-x) during the preparation of said precursor gel being equal to 1, at least one base being added during said co-precipitation reaction; and performing a solvothermal treatment of said precursor gel at a temperature of 250° C. to 600° C.

A sintering powder comprising: a particulate having a mean longest diameter of less than 10 microns, wherein at least some of the particles forming the particulate comprise a metal at least partially coated with a capping agent. A sintering paste and sintering film comprising the sintering powder. A method for making a sintered joint by sintering the sintering powder, paste, or film in the vicinity of two or more workpieces.

A solid electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1 or 3, the compound having a glass transition temperature of -30° C. or less, and a glass or glass-ceramic structure,

##STR00001##

wherein, in Formula 1, Q is Li or a combination of Li and Na, K, or a combination thereof, M is a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof, X is a halogen other than F, pseudohalogen, OH, or a combination thereof, Z is a monovalent anion, or a combination thereof, 1<A<5, 0≤z<1, 0≤z1≤1, and 0≤k<1, wherein, in Formula 3, Q is Li or a combination of Li and Na, K, or a combination thereof; M is a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof, X is a halogen other than F, pseudohalogen, OH, or a combination thereof, Z is a monovalent anion, or a combination thereof, 0<a≤1, 0<b≤1, 0<a+b, a+b=4-A, 1<A<5, 0≤z<1, 0≤z1≤1, and 0≤k<1.

Several variations of synthetic carbon materials are disclosed. The materials can assume a variety of properties, including high electrical conductivity. The materials also can have favorable structural and mechanical properties. They can form gas impenetrable barriers, form insulating structures, and can have unique optical properties.

Disclosed herein are nanostructured hierarchical zeolitic materials comprising: a plurality of zeolite nanotubes, each zeolite nanotube comprising a zeolitic wall perforated by a plurality of pores, the zeolitic wall defining a single longitudinal lumen. Also disclosed herein are bolaform structure directing agents comprising: a first hydrophilic end and a second hydrophilic end with a hydrophobic core therebetween; the hydrophobic core comprising one or more aromatic rings and one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups; the one or more aromatic rings comprising a biphenyl group; the one or more hydrophobic alkyl groups each independently comprising a C.sub.10 alkyl group; and the first hydrophilic end and the second hydrophilic end each independently comprising a quinuclidinium group. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and use of the plurality of zeolite nanotubes and the bolaform structure directing agents.

A solid-state ion conductor includes a compound of Formula 1:

Li.sub.(6−a)x+2y−b*z−6A.sub.1−xM.sup.a.sub.xO.sub.yX.sup.b.sub.z   Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, A is an element having an oxidation state of +6, M is an element having an oxidation state of a, wherein a is +2, +3, +4, +5, or a combination thereof, X is an element having an oxidation state of b, wherein b is −1, −3, or a combination thereof, and 2<[(6−a)x+2y−b*z−6]≤6.5,0 ≤x≤1, y>0, and z≥0.

An anode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery, includes a carbon material satisfying the following (1) and (2): (1) D90/D10 of a particle size on a volume basis is larger than 2.0 and less than 4.3; (2) N/S, which is a value obtained by dividing a number N of particles with an equivalent circle diameter of 5 μm or less based on a number standard in a total number of measured particles of 10,000, by a specific surface area S determined by nitrogen adsorption measurement at 77 K, is 750 (particles.Math.g/cm.sup.2) or more.