A process for the synthesis of transition metal chalcogenides (TMC) having formula (I). More particularly, the present work relates to a one pot single phase process for the synthesis of a TMC system having formula (I) by wet chemistry. Formula (I) is represented as A.sub.x-B.sub.y.

A method for recovering lithium oxide from lithium manganese oxide (LMO) includes producing lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O) via thermal reaction of lithium manganese oxide (LMO) in an hydrogen atmosphere, and performing water leaching of the produced lithium oxide to separate the lithium oxide from other products.

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, the disclosure, in one aspect, relates to compound Bi-poor perovskite crystals, methods for making the same, and ionizing and other electromagnetic radiation detectors constructed using the Bi-poor perovskite crystals. The Bi-poor perovskite crystals can be synthesized using melt-based growth methods and solution-based growth methods and contain no toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, thallium, or mercury. Devices fabricated from the crystals maintain acceptable levels of performance over time. In some aspects, post-growth annealing can be used to improve the properties, including, but not limited to, room temperature resistivity and response to radiation.

Methods for fabrication of and use of magnesium oxide sorbents for room temperature carbon dioxide adsorption are provided. In accordance with one aspect, a method for fabrication of sorbents is provided which includes using calcination to obtain MgO—Mg(OH).sub.2 nano-composites and aging the MgO—Mg(OH).sub.2 nano-composites to form nano MCHs for room temperature carbon dioxide adsorption. According to another aspect, a method for fabrication of sorbents which includes fabrication of monoclinic magnesium malate tetrahydrate (C.sub.8H.sub.10MgO.sub.10.4H.sub.2O) and use of such sorbents for room temperature carbon dioxide adsorption is provided.

Disclosed are zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) compositions in which at least a portion of the ligands in its shell have been exchanged with other ligands, and methods of making such shell-ligand-exchanged ZIFs. Also disclosed is the use of such shell-ligand-exchanged ZIFs in hydrocarbon separation processes.

A method for forming a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided. In the method for forming a positive electrode active material, a first container that includes a mixture of lithium oxide, fluoride, and a magnesium compound and fluoride that is outside the first container are provided in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is heated at a temperature higher than or equal to a temperature at which the fluoride is volatilized or sublimated. It is further preferable that the fluoride be lithium fluoride and the magnesium compound be magnesium fluoride.

The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium carbonate by mixing lithium sulfate with a carbon material and heat-treating same in a carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide atmosphere.

The present application discloses a positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the molar content of nickel in the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide accounts for 60%-90% of the total molar content of nickel, cobalt and manganese, and the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide has a layered crystal structure of a space group R3m; a transition metal layer of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide includes a doping element, and the local mass concentration of the doping element in particles of the positive electrode active material has a relative deviation of 20% or less; and in a differential scanning calorimetry spectrum of the positive electrode active material in a 78% delithiation state, an initial exothermic temperature of a main exothermic peak is 200° C. or more, and an integral area of the main exothermic peak is 100 J/g or less.

Provided is a surface-modified nanodiamond having excellent dispersibility in an organic solvent, and a method capable of introducing various surface-modifying groups and easily producing surface-modified nanocarbon particles with little zirconia contamination. The surface-modified nanodiamond includes nanodiamond particles and a group that surface-modifies the nanodiamond particles and is represented by Formula (1): —X—R.sup.1 (1) [where X represents —NH—, —O—, —O—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, —NH—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NH—, or —S—; the bond extending left from X is bonded to a nanodiamond particle; R.sup.1 represents a monovalent organic group that does not have a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, terminal alkenyl group, and terminal epoxy group; an atom bound to X is a carbon atom; and a molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or greater.

Provided is a metal oxide containing a brownmillerite-type manganese oxide represented by (Ca.sub.2-xA.sub.x)(Mn.sub.yAl.sub.zE.sub.2-y-z).sub.wO.sub.5+δ (in the formula, A represents one or more alkaline earth metal elements other than Ca; E represents one or more 3d transition metal elements or earth metal elements other than Mn and Al; and x, y, z, δ, and w satisfy 0≤x≤2, 0<y≤2, 0≤z<2, 0<y+z≤2, 0≤δ≤0.5, and 0.8≤w≤1.2), wherein the metal oxide has a defect in a (020) plane of a crystal of the brownmillerite-type manganese oxide.