The present invention is related to formation and processing of antiperovskite material. In various embodiments, a thin film of aluminum doped antiperovskite is deposited on a substrate, which can be an electrolyte material of a lithium-based electrochemical storage device.

A nanoparticle of a decomposition product of a transition metal aluminum hydride compound, a transition metal borohydride compound, or a transition metal gallium hydride compound. A process of: reacting a transition metal salt with an aluminum hydride compound, a borohydride compound, or a gallium hydride compound to produce one or more of the nanoparticles. The reaction occurs in solution while being sonicated at a temperature at which the metal hydride compound decomposes. A process of: reacting a nanoparticle with a compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups to form a coating having multi-dentate metal-alkoxides.

The present invention relates to a method for recovering magnesium from sediment generated in an electrolytic chlorine generation system using seawater or brackish water, the method comprising the steps of: eluting magnesium by using sulfuric acid in magnesium hydroxide, which is sediment generated in an electrolytic chlorine generation system using seawater and brackish water; precipitating magnesium sulfate by adding an organic solvent to a magnesium-eluted solution; and after the precipitation of the magnesium sulfate, separating the organic solvent and sulfuric acid by using a vacuum evaporation method, and reusing the organic solvent.

Disclosed herein is a preparation method of graphene, capable of preparing graphene having a smaller thickness and a large area, and with reduced defect generation, by a simplified process. The preparation method of graphene includes forming dispersion including a carbon-based material including unoxidized graphite, and a dispersant; and continuously passing the dispersion through a high pressure homogenizer including an inlet, an outlet, and a micro-channel for connection between the inlet and the outlet, having a diameter in a micrometer scale, wherein the carbon-based material is exfoliated, as the material is passed through the micro-channel under application of a shear force, thereby forming graphene having a thickness in nanoscale.

A method for removing an organic ligand from a surface of a particle including: obtaining a particle having an organic ligand disposed on a surface thereof; contacting the particle with an alkylammonium salt represented by Chemical Formula 1:
NR.sub.4.sup.+A.sup.Chemical Formula 1 wherein groups R are the same or different and are each independently hydrogen or a C1 to C20 alkyl group, provided that at least one group R is an alkyl group, and A is a hydroxide anion, a halide anion, a borohydride anion, a nitrate anion, a phosphate anion, or a sulfate anion; and heat-treating the particle to carry out a reaction between the alkylammonium salt and the organic ligand.

Methylsilyl derivatised silica particles are disclosed. The methylsilyl derivatised silica particles have a methylsilyl content in a range of between 1-6 mol m.sup.2 on a surface of the silica particles. Colloidal silica comprising the methylsilyl derivatised silica particles is also disclosed. Methods for the manufacture of the methylsilyl derivatised silica particles are disclosed. Kits for coatings comprising the methylsilyl derivatised silica particles are also disclosed.

A nuclear fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor may include a plurality of metal fuel sheaths extending along a longitudinal fuel element axis and spaced apart from each other, the plurality of fuel sheaths comprising a first fuel sheath having an inner surface, an opposing outer surface and a hollow interior configured to receive nuclear fuel material. A carbon coating may be on the inner surface of the first fuel sheath. The carbon coating may include more than 99.0% wt of a carbon material including more than 20% wt of carbon nanotubes and less than about 0.01% wt of organic contaminants.

A process for synthesizing a carbon molecular sieve and an activated carbon from expanded polystyrene is provided. The process includes sulfonating the expanded polystyrene with sulfuric acid in the presence of a solvent, for example, chloroform, to obtain sulfonated polystyrene; carbonizing the sulfonated polystyrene to obtain a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) with a substantially high degree of porosity; and activating the CMS by adding an activating agent to the CMS to obtain an activated carbon with a substantially high degree of porosity. The activating agent is selected from one or more of steam, potassium hydroxide, carbon dioxide, zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, sodium carbonate, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium hydroxide. A low temperature of, for example, about 50 degrees Celsius, is employed for sulfonating the expanded polystyrene. Heating and cooling operations in the steps of synthesizing and activating the CMS are performed under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

A polyoxometalate compound with a polyoxometalate cluster includes Group 5 elements. A formulation is provided that includes the polyoxometalate compound, and a method is provided for preparing an optical metal oxide layer using the formulation and polyoxometalate compound. The obtained optical metal oxide layers are particularly suitable for applications in optical devices such as, for example, in augmented reality (AR) and/or virtual reality (VR) devices.

Novel Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots are provided. These Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots exhibit excellent temperature sensitivity in both organic solvents and water-based solutions. Methods of preparing the Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots are provided. The Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots may be prepared via a stepwise procedure using air-stable and inexpensive chemicals. The use of air-stable chemicals can significantly reduce the cost of synthesis, chemical storage, and the risk associated with handling flammable chemicals. Methods of temperature sensing using Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots are provided. The stepwise procedure provides the ability to tune the temperature-sensing properties to satisfy specific needs for temperature sensing applications. Water solubility may be achieved by passivating the Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots, allowing the Mn.sup.2+-doped quantum dots to probe the fluctuations of local temperature in biological environments.