A layered pigment composition comprising a porous mineral substrate and a porous mineral shell is described. Such compositions may be useful in cosmetics, personal care products, printing inks and coatings, and plastics.

Provided are a nickel-based active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the nickel-based active material, and a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the nickel-based active material. The nickel-based active material includes at least one secondary particle that includes at least two primary particle structures, the primary particle structures each including a porous inner portion and an outer portion having a radially arranged structure, and the secondary particle including at least two radial centers.

A process for gas-phase synthesis of titanium dioxide aerosol gels with controlled monomer size and crystalline phase using a diffusion flame aerosol reactor operated in a buoyancy-opposed configuration is disclosed. The process includes introducing a precursor stream into a diffusion flame aerosol reactor, introducing a fuel stream into the reactor, combusting the precursor stream and the fuel stream in a flame to form at least one nanoparticle, and operating the reactor in a down-fired buoyancy-opposed configuration to produce the aerosol gel.

A porous membrane comprising stacked layers of nanosheets, each nanosheet comprising one to three atomic layers of a 2D material comprising or consisting of one or more transition metal dichalcogenides is provided. The nanosheets have pores and the membrane comprises a network of water permeation pathways including through-pathways formed by the pores, horizontal pathways formed by gaps between the layers, and vertical pathways formed by gaps between adjacent nanosheets and stacking defects between the layers. Also provided is a method for making the membrane.

An apparatus for measuring the thickness of graphene oxide coatings deposited on a support substrate are described. The apparatus includes a light source and a photodetector which can be placed directly into a coating line to provide continuous feedback on the thickness of a fabricated graphene oxide coating, enabling fabrication of controlled thickness coatings and real-time quality monitoring.

A film-forming powder containing a rare earth oxyfluoride has an average particle size D50 of 0.6-15 μm, a total volume of ≤10 μm pores of 0.51-1.5 cm.sup.3/g as measured by mercury porosimetry, and a BET surface area of 3-50 m.sup.2/g is suitable for forming a dense film in high yields or deposition rates and high productivity. The film-forming powder having a greater pore volume can be prepared by forming a rare earth ammonium fluoride complex salt on surfaces of rare earth oxide particles to provide precursor particles, and heat treating the precursor particles at a temperature of 350 to 700° C.

A coating material containing an oxyfluoride of yttrium and having a Fisher diameter of 1.0 to 10 μm and a tap density TD to apparent density AD ratio, TD/AD, of 1.6 to 3.5. The coating material preferably has a pore volume of pores with a diameter of 100 μm or smaller of 1.0 cm.sup.3/g or less as measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. A coating containing an oxyfluoride of yttrium and having a Vickers hardness of 200 HV0.01 or higher. The coating preferably has a fracture toughness of 1.0×10.sup.2 Pa.Math.m.sup.1/2 or higher.

In an embodiment a conversion element includes a first phase and a second phase, wherein the first phase comprises lutetium, aluminum, oxygen and a rare-earth element, wherein the second phase comprises Al.sub.2O.sub.3 single crystals, and wherein the conversion element comprises at least one groove.

The technical field of enzyme immobilization, and particularly, an organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower and a preparation method thereof. The organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower is a flower-like immobilized enzyme formed by self-assembly of a layered rare earth compound as an inorganic carrier and a biological enzyme as an organic component. The layered rare earth compound is Ln.sub.2(OH).sub.5NO.sub.3.Math.nH.sub.2O, where Ln is one or more of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Y, and n=1.1-2.5. The biological enzyme is one or more of α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase, or laccase. A layered rare earth compound is used as the inorganic carrier for the organic biological enzyme to form the flower-like immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme has better stability and higher catalytic performance when compared with a free enzyme.

The present invention relates to a 2-dimensional MXene particle surface-modified with a functional group comprising a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof (e.g., a conductive film).