The disclosed technology relates to methods of inhibiting corrosion in reaction chambers configured for hydrothermal reaction of feeds containing a heteroatom. An embodiment of such a method comprises providing a feed stream comprising a phosphorus-containing material, an alkali metal compound, water, and a corrosion-inhibitor. The embodiment additionally includes introducing the feed stream and oxidant into a reactor chamber and oxidizing the phosphorus-containing material at an oxidation temperature greater than about 374 C. and an oxidation pressure exceeding about 25 bar, wherein the reactor chamber has inner surfaces comprising a material that corrodes when in contact with a phosphorus compound within the reactor. The embodiment additionally includes selectively reacting the corrosion-inhibitor with phosphorus within the reactor, thereby precipitating in the reactor chamber a phosphorus-containing solid inorganic compound. The embodiment further includes forming in the reactor chamber an alkali salt melt and carrying away from the reactor chamber a mixture comprising the solid phosphorus-containing inorganic compound and the alkali salt melt.

A waste treatment process and system is described, which finds application in dechlorinating carbohydrates and/or hydrolyzing dimethyl formamide and/or dimethyl formamide in a waste stream. The process includes treating the waste stream with base at a pH of from 11 to 14, and at a temperature of from 200 to 330 F.

System (100) and method for processing biomass. The system comprises a combined heat and power plant (102), an interface (114) for feeding biogas to a traffic fuel production unit, interfaces (114) to a district heating system (106a) and an electrical grid (106b), and a hydrolysis device (108), a digestion device (110), a dryer (116) and a heat recovery unit (112), which are operatively coupled for transferring heat, intermediate products and final products of the process, wherein raw biomass is received into the hydrolysis device (108), biomass processed by the hydrolysis device (108) is fed to the digestion device (110), biogas obtained in the digestion device (110) is fed to the traffic fuel production unit (104), heat is recovered from the hydrolysis device (108), biomass processed by the digestion device (110) is dried by the heat recovered from the hydrolysis device (108), heat is recovered from the dryer (116), heat recovered from the dryer (116) is fed to the hydrolysis device (108) to be used in pre-heating of the received raw biomass, heat recovered from the dryer (116) is fed to the district heating (106a), and production of electricity is fueled by the dried biomass from the dryer (116).

The present process relates to thermally hydrolyzing sludge in a thermal hydrolysis system. A flash tank or waste heat boiler is located downstream of the thermal hydrolysis system. Hydrolyzed sludge is continuously directed into the flash tank or waste heat boiler for recovering supplemental steam. The supplemental steam is used independently or in combination with live steam produced by a main boiler to heat sludge being directed into the thermal hydrolysis system.

Provided is an electrolysis apparatus with which the liquid that is to be treated can be continuously electrolyzed with high efficiency under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The electrolysis apparatus includes a cylindrical container main body including an inner peripheral surface serving as a cathode surface, an anode plate disposed in the container main body along an axis thereof, and end members attached to the respective ends of the container main body with nuts interposed therebetween, respectively. The end members are provided with nozzles, respectively, through which the liquid is passed. The end member is provided with a power supply rod connected to the anode plate which is inserted in the end member. Bipolar electrode plates are disposed in the container main body so as to be parallel to the anode plate. Insulators support the sides of the anode plate and the sides of the bipolar electrode plates.

A continuous reactor and method for destroying contaminants, such as perfluoroalkyl and/or polyfluoroalkyl substances in various feedstocks. Liquid byproducts are continuously hydrolyzed in an aqueous alkaline solution to achieve greater than 99.99% destruction of the contaminants. Continuous hydrolysis achieves a greater conversion efficiency as compared to batch reactions and has a wide application of contaminated feedstocks.

A PFA removal system includes a torch reaction zone and an organic compound stream, the organic compound stream injected into the torch reaction zone. The PFA removal system also includes a hydrogen stream, the hydrogen stream injected into the torch reaction zone and an oxygen stream, the oxygen stream injected into the torch reaction zone. In addition, the PFA removal system includes a hot waste stream injected into the torch reaction zone and a flue gas stream, the flue gas stream discharged from the torch reaction zone.

This invention proposes the use of Thermal Hydrolysis (or Thermal Carbonization) at different temperatures and pressures in alternate waste streams to achieve an optimal mix of high digestion rates and pasteurization rates while still achieving large viscosity reduction. In the disclosed embodiments means of combining Thermal Hydrolysis (or Thermal Carbonization) and Pasteurization including but not limited to placing the waste streams in parallel, placing them in series, utilizing heat input in parallel and heat exchangers in series are explored to optimize hydrolysis rates, minimize the use of high pressure tanks, optimize energy used, and manage viscosity characteristics of the solids.

A sludge dehydrating system and a method thereof based on a thermal hydrolysis technology include: a homogeneous slurry unit, a hydrothermal unit, a flash reactor, a waste heat recovery unit, and a dehydrator; wherein a viscosity of sludge is lowered by homogenously slurrying before entering a pump, which is conducive to transportation; a sludge tank firstly crashes and then quantitatively transports for improving a homogenizing efficiency; a diluent is sludge dehydrated filtrate which is mixed with flash steam in an ejector, wherein an mixing efficiency is high; during homogenously slurrying, waste steam generated is added into a sludge diluent pipe for being absorbed; a hydrothermal unit include a variety of forms such as an intermittent form and a continuous form, in such a manner that reaction parameters, especially reaction time are effectively guaranteed; the flash steam enters the homogeneous slurry unit for heating the sludge.

In a method for the hydrolysis of liquid, organic substrates (1), the substrate to be hydrolysed is introduced into a circulation loop for heating, where an equal amount of hydrolysed substrate (1) is displaced from the circulation loop (6, 7, 8, 9). An appropriate system can have a circulation loop, a feed device, a circulation pump for generating a circulation flow in the circulation loop, and a heater for heating and reheating the circulation flow.