A method for treating wastewater, comprising: (i) injecting a hydrate-forming gas (e.g., propane) into the wastewater under conditions of elevated pressure and reduced temperature to form a solid hydrate composed of the hydrate-forming gas and water from the wastewater; and (ii) separating the solid hydrate from the wastewater to result in removal of water from the wastewater, thereby resulting in partially dewatered wastewater, and optionally, (iii) lowering the pressure and/or raising the temperature of the solid hydrate to decompose the solid hydrate into reformed hydrate-forming gas and reformed water, and further optionally, recycling the reformed hydrate-forming gas for use in step (i) and/or capturing the reformed water from step (iii) and further decontaminating until suitable for release into waterway or for use in a process. The invention is also directed to an apparatus for practicing the method described above.

Systems and methods of performing temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) descaling of produced water and desalination of high-salinity brines, e.g., those having a total dissolved solids (TDS) greater than about 250,000 ppm are capable of producing descaled water products including less than about 5% weight percent TDS. The brine/produced water feedstreams and combined with a solvent having temperature-dependent water solubility at a temperature T.sub.L. Water is extracted from the feedstream into the solvent to form a water-in-solvent extract component and a raffinate component, from which a solid phase can be precipitated as more water is portioned in the solvent and basicity increases. Heating of the water-in-solvent extract component reduces the solubility of the water therein, producing a biphasic mixture of dewatered solvent and descaled water that can be separated. Because these systems and methods do not require a phase change of water, these products are achieved with significantly higher energy efficiencies when compared to evaporation-based thermal methods.

Liquid solution concentration methods and related systems involving osmosis units and energy recovery are generally described. In some embodiments, an osmotic system has a pump, a first reverse osmosis unit, a second reverse osmosis unit, and one or more energy recovery devices. Various embodiments are directed to features such as balancing streams, recirculation streams, and/or valving that alone or in combination may afford improved energy efficiency and/or system performance. Some embodiments may improve performance of certain types of energy recovery devices in combination with osmosis units, such as isobaric or turbine energy recovery devices.

The present invention refers to a surface coating of commercial polyamide (PA) membranes with graphene oxide (GO) using a technology that involves spin-coating with specific sequence of low and high rotation, interface phenomena provided by a set of materials containing ethyl alcohol in high concentration, as well as morphological characteristics and customized surface chemistry of GO, among other conditions that allow a differentiated technology to obtain an effective coating of GO on PA membrane.

Method and apparatus for producing desalinated water are disclosed herein. In embodiments, a method may comprise adding superabsorbent polymer to salt water to form a mixture of hydrogel and brine; and extracting desalinated water from the mixture of hydrogel and brine. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

The invention relates to a method of circular use of waste brine produced in the manufacture process of MDI, comprising the following steps: (1) the waste brine produced in the manufacture process of MDI is subjected to a high-gravity extraction and then to a column extraction, wherein said waste brine contains aniline, diaminodiphenylmethane and polyamine; (2) the waste brine from step (1) is transmitted to a stripping tower for steam stripping; (3) the waste brine from the stripping tower of step (2) and a chemical oxidant are transmitted to an oxidation reactor to which air is blown for aeration; (4) the waste brine after the treatment of step (3) is transmitted to an absorption tower for absorption. The invention makes the salt water have TOC of less than 8 ppm and TN of less than 2.5 ppm and achieves regeneration of resources in the waste brine such as sodium chloride and water and the like for circular use.

A hydrate production apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a main body unit having a reaction space in which a hydrate is produced therein; an inlet pipe unit connected to one side of the main body unit so as to introduce, into the reaction space, a host material and a guest material for producing the hydrate; an outlet pipe unit connected to the other side of the main body unit so as to discharge the hydrate produced in the reaction space to the outside; and a pulverizing device unit provided inside the reaction space so as to increase a reaction area for producing the hydrate by pulverizing, into fine-sized particles, an object to be pulverized, which is at least one of the introduced host material and guest material.

A natural water treatment control apparatus (190) controls a treatment device configured to perform treatment used to contribute to purification of drawn natural water. The natural water treatment control apparatus (190) includes: a tide information acquiring unit (191) configured to acquire tide information serving as information associated with tides of a body of water from which the natural water is drawn; and a treatment mode determining unit (193) configured to determine a treatment mode of the treatment device on the basis of the tide information.

Disclosed are magnetic nanoparticles and methods of using magnetic nanoparticles for selectively removing biologics, small molecules, analytes, ions, or other molecules of interest from liquids.

Disclosed herein is a method for recovering water from a salt solution. The method can include mixing the salt solution with a salting out solution that includes at least one enolizable ketone and at least one alcohol. The salting out solution can absorb the water from the salt solution and the water can be released using a regenerant solution. A base solution can also be added to fully regenerate the salting out solution so that it can be reused.