A composition for remediation of soil and groundwater containing halogenated compounds. The remediation composition includes an elemental iron-based composition, which may include activated carbon capable of absorbing the halogenated compounds with numerous pores impregnated with elemental iron. The remediation composition further includes a first bioremediation material including a blend of one-to-many organisms capable of degrading the halogenated compounds. The remediation composition includes an organic compound or polymeric substance and a second bioremediation material including a blend of one-to-many organisms capable of degrading the organic compound or polymeric substance over time (e.g., 20 to 365 or more days to provide a time release substrate-creating material or platform) into smaller molecules or compounds used by the organisms in the first bioremediation material while degrading the halogenated compounds. The organic compound may be a complex carbohydrate such as food grade starch, chitin, or other complex carbohydrate such as one with low water solubility.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

An adsorbent for a target compound can include porous carbon particles having pores with a predominant pore size less than 10 nm, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) nucleated on the carbon surface and within the pores of carbon particles to provide a carbon magnetic nanoparticle adsorbent (C-MNA). A method for removing target compounds with an adsorbent, a system for removing contaminants from a liquid, and a method for adsorbing target compounds from a fluid are also disclosed.

A cartridge and a method for enriching drinking water with silicon are provided. A cross-linked silicic acid is used, which can be mixed with a cation exchanger that is preferably loaded with hydrogen and/or with alkalizing agents and/or with activated carbon. Silicon can be released into the water via the silicic acid.

This invention relates to a process for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). The process includes the steps of adjusting the pH of the AMD to be in the range of 3 to 5; adding maghemite nanoparticles to form a slurry; and a) aerating the slurry obtained in step 3), or b) simultaneously heating and mixing the slurry obtained in step 3). Thereafter maghemite nanoparticles loaded with one or more metals and sulphate and precipitated metals is separated from the slurry.

The present disclosure includes compositions and methods for filtering a liquid, e.g., water. The compositions herein may include a filter aid comprising a filter medium and packaging having at least one water-soluble portion. When the filter aid is introduced into the liquid to be filtered, the water-soluble portion(s) may dissolve or otherwise degrade in order to expose the filter medium to the liquid.

A process for recovery of lithium ions from a lithium-bearing brine includes contacting the lithium-bearing brine with a lithium ion sieve (where that LIS includes an oxide of titanium or niobium) in a first stirred reactor to form a lithium ion complex with the lithium ion sieve, and decomplexing the lithium ion from the lithium ion sieve in a second stirred reactor to form the lithium ion sieve and an acidic lithium salt eluate.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to extraction of target materials using a CZTS sorbent. A method of extracting a target material from a medium includes contacting a copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) sorbent with the target material in the medium including the target material to form a used CZTS sorbent that includes the target material.

Systems and processes for treating a contaminated aqueous flow which includes contaminants, such as munitions contaminants including metallic contaminants, energetic material contaminants, and/or propellant contaminants, are disclosed. The systems include an adsorption layer which includes bone char particulates, titanium dioxide particulates and/or aluminum oxide particulates which promotes adsorption of the contaminants upon contact of the contaminated stream and the adsorption layer so as to produce a treated aqueous flow, which is depleted in the munitions contaminants. Optionally, the adsorption layer can be buried in granulates particles so the contaminated aqueous water can percolate down through the earth and towards the adsorption layer, so the treated water can further percolate through the earth. The system can alternatively include more than one adsorption layer, which can be arranged in series or in parallel, in situ or ex situ.

A reactor system for decomposing at least one of a per- or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) is provided. The system includes a material having an interior surface that defines a compartment; a subaqueous liquid in the compartment; and an electron donor in the subaqueous liquid, the electron donor configured to release a hydrated electron upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The reactor system is configured so that when the electron donor releases a hydrated electron into the subaqueous liquid, the hydrated electron has a longer lifespan relative to an electron released in normal bulk phase water, and when a PFAS is present within the subaqueous liquid, the hydrated electron is capable of reductively defluorinating the PFAS and to generate fluoride ions (F). A method of operating the system to decompose PFAS is also provided.