Apparatus and method for separating oil from water in produced oil without requiring large separation tanks in which the fluid is heated, using a simple, energy efficient separation process, are described. Centrifugal forces, by themselves, are not effective for completely separating a two-component fluid, especially when the densities of the fluids are similar, such as for heavy oil. By combining both primary and secondary acoustic forces, and taking advantage of centrifugal forces from fluid flow, such that acoustic radiation forces initiate the process of droplet accumulation, and contribute to droplet coalescence, centrifugal separation is enhanced.

The present disclosure describes methods and systems comprising hydrodynamic cavitation, microwave irradiation, and at least one of oxidative sonoelectrolysis and reductive sonoelectrolysis, providing feedstock purification of at least one of water, fluid and mineral. Contaminants, broken down and chemically degraded into smaller and more volatile substances by hydrodynamic cavitation are ultimately destroyed in the course of one or more sonoelectrolysis steps. In various embodiments, at least one of oxidative sonoelectrolysis and reductive sonoelectrolysis is irradiated with microwaves in order to heat the sonoplasma present within acoustic cavitation bubbles to temperatures sufficient to destroy contaminants therein.

Devices for separating a host fluid from a second fluid or particulate are disclosed. The devices include an acoustic chamber, a fluid outlet at a top end of the acoustic chamber, a concentrate outlet at a bottom end of the acoustic chamber, and an inlet on a first side end of the acoustic chamber. An ultrasonic transducer and reflector create a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the acoustic chamber that traps and separates particulates (e.g. cells) from a host fluid. The host fluid is collected via the fluid outlet, and the particulates are collected via the concentrate outlet. The device is a large-scale device that is able to process liters/hour, and has a large interior volume.

Devices for separating a host fluid from a second fluid or particulate are disclosed. The devices include an acoustic chamber, a fluid outlet at a top end of the acoustic chamber, a concentrate outlet at a bottom end of the acoustic chamber, and an inlet on a first side end of the acoustic chamber. An ultrasonic transducer and reflector create a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the acoustic chamber that traps and separates particulates (e.g. cells) from a host fluid. The host fluid is collected via the fluid outlet, and the particulates are collected via the concentrate outlet. The device is a large-scale device that is able to process liters/hour, and has a large interior volume.

The invention relates to a method for the transformation of host cells of a biofilm with heterologous nucleic acid, wherein the host cells are within the extracellular matrix of the biofilm, the method comprising: adding the heterologous nucleic acid to the biofilm; and applying inertial cavitation to the biofilm in the presence of the heterologous nucleic acid to facilitate transformation of host cells within the biofilm with the heterologous nucleic acid. The invention further relates to associated methods, uses and kits for transformation of host cells of a biofilm.

Provided is an UFB generating apparatus and an UFB generating method capable of efficiently generating an UFB-containing liquid with high purity. The ultrafine bubble generating apparatus includes a generating unit that generates ultrafine bubbles in a liquid and a post-processing unit that performs predetermined post-processing on the ultrafine bubble-containing liquid generated by the generating unit. The generating unit generates the ultrafine bubbles by causing a heating element, which is provided in the liquid on which the pre-processing is performed, to generate heat to generate film boiling on an interface between the liquid and the heating element.

An emergency treatment device for algal blooms in reservoir tributaries and bays includes a hull, an automatic detection unit provided on the hull, an algae collection-separation unit, an ultrasonic algae removal unit, a micro-current electrolytic algae suppression unit, an algaecide adding unit, a power unit and a control unit. The automatic detection unit, the algae collection-separation unit, the ultrasonic algae removal unit, the micro-current electrolytic algae suppression unit, the algaecide adding unit and the power unit are connected with the control unit. The algae collection-separation unit is used for suction and ex-situ treatment of high-density algae on a surface of the water body. The ultrasonic algae removal unit, the micro-current electrolytic algae suppression unit and the algaecide adding unit are used for in-situ treatment of algae in the water body.

The invention provides a water treatment apparatus and method of use. The apparatus comprises an inlet configured to be connected to a source of liquid to be treated, and at least one liquid treatment vessel arranged to expose liquid in the vessel to ultraviolet radiation in an advanced oxidation process reaction. A source of ultraviolet radiation comprises a longitudinal axis oriented substantially parallel to a direction of flow of liquid past the source. A boundary surface between the source and a liquid to be treated is provided with one or more cleaning elements arranged longitudinally on the boundary surface. The cleaning elements and the boundary surface are arranged to be rotationally moveable relative to one another around the longitudinal axis of the source.

A device, method, and system may recover, treat, and reuse condensate that is produced by climate control equipment. Minerals that are beneficial for both the intended use of the condensate and the formation of persistent ozone containing bubbles may be introduced into the condensate. An ozone containing gas may be introduced in to the condensate.

A device, method, and system may recover, treat, and reuse condensate that is produced by climate control equipment. Minerals that are beneficial for both the intended use of the condensate and the formation of persistent ozone containing bubbles may be introduced into the condensate. An ozone containing gas may be introduced in to the condensate.