A coagulant-flocculant mixture, a method of making such a coagulant-flocculant mixture, and a method of using such a coagulant-flocculant mixture for treating effluent containing particles within an aqueous medium to facilitate separating the particles and the aqueous medium, whereby the coagulant-flocculant mixture includes an amount of coagulant combined with an amount of flocculant.

The invention provides an apparatus for providing potable water, which apparatus comprises a plurality of components linked in series to provide a flow path through the apparatus, wherein the plurality of components comprises: (i) an inlet (4) for a stream of contaminated water requiring purification; (ii) a centrifugal separator (20) for separating the contaminated water stream into a partially purified water stream and a contaminant stream; (iii) a pre-filter pump (26); (iv) a pre-filter pressure sensor (30); (v) a first filter assembly (32) comprising one or more filter modules for removing particles of a predetermined size and/or removing organic contaminants from the partially purified water stream; (vi) a post-filter pressure sensor (38); (vii) a post-filter pump (40); (viii) a second filter assembly comprising one or more reverse osmosis filters (48); (ix) a UV steriliser unit (52); and (x) an outlet (6) for purified potable water; and wherein the apparatus further comprises an electronic controller (14) for controlling and monitoring the operation of the apparatus.

Apparatus and method for separating oil from water in produced oil without requiring large separation tanks in which the fluid is heated, using a simple, energy efficient separation process, are described. Centrifugal forces, by themselves, are not effective for completely separating a two-component fluid, especially when the densities of the fluids are similar, such as for heavy oil. By combining both primary and secondary acoustic forces, and taking advantage of centrifugal forces from fluid flow, such that acoustic radiation forces initiate the process of droplet accumulation, and contribute to droplet coalescence, centrifugal separation is enhanced.

The present application provides a method for recycling selenium sources in a selenium-enriched yeast fermentation process, and a treatment system for selenium-containing wastewater. The method includes: step S1, performing separation and concentration treatments on selenium-containing wastewater produced in a selenium-enriched yeast fermentation process, so as to obtain a selenium-containing concentrated solution; step S2, adjusting a selenium content of the selenium-containing concentrated solution to a predetermined selenium content, so as to obtain a selenium-containing nutrient solution; and step S3, adding the selenium-containing nutrient solution into a selenium-enriched yeast fermentation reaction, so as to realize the recycling of the selenium source.

A method of concentrating sediment in a water tank involves attaching a vortex inducing device to an opening through the roof of the tank between the central vertical axis and the side walling of the tank. The device has a device inlet which narrows to a device outlet. The device outlet is orientated such that, water flowing out via the device outlet induces a vortex within the pooled water, thereby causing sediment to collect centrally on the floor of the tank.

A struvite and a method for extracting the struvite from seawater, concentrated salt water or brine. NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3 and H.sub.3PO.sub.4 are added in the seawater, concentrated salt water or brine, and NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3, H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and the seawater, concentrated salt water or brine are stirred and well mixed to react. Then electromagnetic ionic liquid are dripped, with a dripping time controlled to be 30 to 50 min and pH value of the reaction solution to be within a range of 7.5 to 8.5, to generate white precipitate. Finally, the white precipitate is separated from the liquid, spin dried and packaged to obtain the struvite. The struvite has higher purity and fertilizer efficiency than natural struvite, and also contains potassium, calcium, sulfur and chlorine required for crop growth and dozens of types of trace elements such as molybdenum, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and selenium, which is more suitable for the crop growth.

A seawater mineral extract derived from seawater having a salinity of from 3.4% Brix to 3.6% Brix, wherein the seawater mineral extract comprises a mineral salt content of at least 20% of the overall seawater extract.

A system and method for generating base water and precipitate, including combining produced water with seawater to precipitate barium sulfate from barium in the produced water and from sulfate in the seawater, and separating the precipitate to give the base water and the precipitate. The base water may have less than a specified amount of sulfate and be utilized for hydraulic fracturing fluid. The precipitate may give a weighting agent for drilling.

The present invention relates to a method for removing hydrocarbons from produced water, comprising: (i) separating produced water from a hydrocarbon and water mixture extracted from a subterranean formation: (ii) contacting said produced water with multivalent metal cations to produce a mixture of produced water and multivalent metal cations; and (iii) removing hydrocarbons from said mixture in a hydrocyclone and/or a compact flotation unit to give treated produced water, wherein the concentration of hydrocarbons in said produced water is less than 10% wt.

A reagent system for treating heavy metal-contaminated materials is provided and includes an oxidizer, a soluble phosphate, and an alkaline hydroxide source, such as a caustic soda or lime. A method of treating mine waste bearing one or more heavy metals is also provided and includes the step of admixing a reagent system with heavy metal-containing material to preferentially reduce the leachability of heavy metals and form precipitates and complexes of low metal solubility that remain stable within the host solid matrix for long durations in acidic and abrasive conditions.