A purification device is provided that includes a porous container, purification media retained in the porous container, and a flow controller integral to the porous container. A purification device is also provided that includes a porous elastic container, purification media, and a flow controller. The porous elastic container has a pocket formed therein. The purification media is compressibly retained in the porous elastic container. The flow controller is elastically retained in the pocket of the porous elastic container.

A method of producing treated ion exchange resin material includes exposing an enclosed vessel containing ion exchange resin and a pre-treatment solution to high energy radiation. The treated ion exchange resin material has reduced organic impurities or total organic carbon (TOC).

Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods for removing contaminant ions from water within an aquifer. The devices, systems, methods employ an elecrokinetic driving force to induce the migration of charged species towards electrodes, where they can be concentrated and removed from the aquifer. In this way, the devices, systems, methods described herein can be used to economically remediate groundwater contaminated with charged species.

A purification device is provided that includes a porous container, purification media retained in the porous container, and a flow controller integral to the porous container. A purification device is also provided that includes a porous elastic container, purification media, and a flow controller. The porous elastic container has a pocket formed therein. The purification media is compressibly retained in the porous elastic container. The flow controller is elastically retained in the pocket of the porous elastic container.

A method of automatically ensuring against chloramine contamination in purified product water includes supplying input water to the system and purifying the water to generate the purified product water. The purifying includes removing chlorine and chloramine contamination from the water using a carbon filter and supplying chlorine-depleted water to a deionization filter, and deionizing the chlorine-depleted water using said deionization filter. The product water is supplied to a sensor for continuous monitoring of the resistivity of the purified product water by the first sensor, and an alarm is generated indicating possible chloramine breakthrough when the resistivity of the product water falls below a predetermined resistivity level, which is selected to provide a reserve filter capacity before breakthrough would occur. The carbon filter is replaced at least responsively to the alarm to ensure excess capacity of said carbon filter sufficient to prevent chloramine breakthrough in said product water.

Provided is a process for treating water, wherein the water comprises dissolved ions that comprise an undesired cation, wherein the processes comprises (a) providing a collection of specified polymeric beads wherein 90% or more of the beads by volume are uniform beads; (b) then passing the water through a bed of the collection of polymeric beads to exchange the undesired ion for ions (iv), (c) then passing a regeneration solution comprising dissolved ions (v) of the same species as ions (iv) through the bed of the collection of polymeric beads to exchange ions (v) for the undesired ions.

A method for producing an ionized water product for coffee comprises the steps of introducing source water to an ionization system, passing the source water through one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more ionic species are introduced into the source water, and combining products of one or more reaction vessels to produce the ionized water product having between about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm magnesium ions, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm calcium ions, and about 40 ppm to about 90 ppm total of bicarbonate and carbonate ions.

The present disclosure relates to water purification devices, and more particularly to a purification filter element and a water purification cup. The purification filter element includes a housing including a sterilization case, an activated carbon filtering section and an ion exchange resin filtering section from bottom to top. The sterilization case includes a first casing which is filled with brominated polystyrene hydantoin and a first filter screen. A gap is formed between the bottoms of the first casing and the housing, A flow limit hole is provided at the bottom of the housing. The water purification cup includes the purification filter element and a cup body. A water feed cup is detachably fastened in the cup body. A bottom of the water feed cup is connected to the housing of the purification filter element through a connection hole.

A first stream of an aqueous solution flows through an upstream desalination or nanofiltration system. A second stream of the aqueous solution is mixed with the diluate output from the upstream desalination system or with the diluate or concentrate output from the upstream nanofiltration system with a flow ratio of the second stream of the aqueous solution to the feed stream of <0.47 or >0.63. A liquid composition flows into the concentrate channels of an electrically driven separation apparatus, while the feed stream flows into at least the diluate channels at a ratio of 0.3 to 0.81 to the flow of the liquid composition. An applied voltage selectively draws monovalent ions from the feed stream in the diluate channels through the monovalent-selective ion exchange membranes into the concentrate channels to produce a treated diluate having a sodium chloride ratio (SCR) <0.7.

A method for producing an ionized water product for coffee comprises the steps of introducing source water to an ionization system, passing the source water through one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more ionic species are introduced into the source water, and combining products of one or more reaction vessels to produce the ionized water product having between about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm magnesium ions, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm calcium ions, and about 40 ppm to about 90 ppm total of bicarbonate and carbonate ions.