A method of removing contaminants from an aqueous material, the method comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous material comprising one or more non-particulate contaminants; and filtering the aqueous material to remove at least part of the one or more non-particulate contaminants to form a recovered portion of the aqueous material in which the amount of contaminant is reduced to an amount allowing re-use of the recovered portion of the aqueous material, wherein filtering the aqueous material includes passing the aqueous material across a partially permeable membrane at a temperature higher than 50° C.

This reverse osmosis membrane processing method comprises adjusting processing-target water to a pH range of 4 to 8 and passing the water through a reverse osmosis membrane device. The reverse osmosis membrane processing method is characterized in that alkaline water having a pH of 9.5 or higher is brought into contact intermittently with the reverse osmosis membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane device. Raw water may be preprocessed with active carbon, or the like, to serve as the processing-target water. If the processing-target water has a pH of 9.5 or higher, this processing-target water may be used as the alkaline water.

A method of separating and recovering a cobalt salt and a nickel salt includes a separation step of separating, by using a nanofiltration membrane, a cobalt salt and a nickel salt from a rare metal-containing aqueous solution containing at least both the cobalt salt and the nickel salt as rare metals, in which the nanofiltration membrane has a glucose permeability of 3 times or more a sucrose permeability, the sucrose permeability of 10% or less, and an isopropyl alcohol permeability of 50% or more when a 1,000 mg/L glucose aqueous solution, a 1,000 mg/L sucrose aqueous solution, and a 1,000 mg/L isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, each having a pH of 6.5 and a temperature of 25° C., individually permeate through the nanofiltration membrane at an operating pressure of 0.5 MPa.

A filter medium of the present invention includes a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10.sup.2 m.sup.2/g or more, a volume of fine pores by a BJH method of 0.3 cm.sup.3/g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more, alternatively, a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10.sup.2 m.sup.2/g or more, a total of volumes of fine pores having a diameter of from 1×10.sup.−9 m to 5×10.sup.−7 m, obtained by a non-localized density functional theory method, of 1.0 cm.sup.3/g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more.

A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate a continuously variable intensity of the actinic radiation.

The present disclosure is directed to filtering technologies that combine elements of continuous and batch NF/RO based on the constraints of the end-user facility to achieve a target balance between, for instance, recovery and power consumption, and to reduce long term operating cost of a plant. A method for extending batch operation into a second induction period with antiscalant injection is also disclosed herein, with the second induction period allowing for yet higher water recovery.

A transitional water treatment wall for kidney dialysis is provided. The transitional wall includes several devices positioned on a mobile frame, the devices establishing fluid communication between a water source, pre-RO treatment equipment, and an RO system. The transitional water treatment wall also provides pressure and temperature control of the water being circulated. The mobile frame of the transitional water treatment wall includes wheels for providing ease of movement of the transitional water treatment wall. The mobile frame also limits space requirements for the various devices. The transitional wall also includes electrical outlets.

A future state of a separation membrane is inferred to perform a stable membrane filtration operation. A learning model generation device (1) includes: an input data acquisition section (21) configured to acquire input data derived from operation data that is measured during a membrane filtration operation, the operation data including a membrane filtration pressure and a diffused air volume; and a learning section (13) configured to generate a learning model (31) for inferring the state of the separation membrane, by means of machine learning using the acquired input data as an input.

Disclosed is a system and method for cooperatively treating water and gas to reduce pollutants and carbon emission. The system includes a flue gas pre-treatment unit, a wastewater pre-treatment unit, a gas-water cooperative cleaning unit, a remaining water treatment unit, and a circulating cooling evaporation unit.

A porous membrane comprising stacked layers of nanosheets, each nanosheet comprising one to three atomic layers of a 2D material comprising or consisting of one or more transition metal dichalcogenides is provided. The nanosheets have pores and the membrane comprises a network of water permeation pathways including through-pathways formed by the pores, horizontal pathways formed by gaps between the layers, and vertical pathways formed by gaps between adjacent nanosheets and stacking defects between the layers. Also provided is a method for making the membrane.